JOINT FILING AGREEMENT
Published on February 14, 2007
EXHIBIT A
JOINT FILING AGREEMENT
In accordance with Rule 13d-1(k)(l) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,
as amended, the undersigned hereby agree to the joint filing of the attached
Schedule 13G, and any and all amendments thereto, and expressly authorize
AMVESCAP PLC, as the ultimate parent company of each of its undersigned
subsidiaries, to file such Schedule 13G, and any and all amendments thereto, on
behalf of each of them.
Dated: February 14, 2007 AMVESCAP PLC
By: /s/ Lisa Brinkley
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Name: Lisa Brinkley
Title: SVP/Global Compliance Director
AIM Advisors, Inc.
By: /s/ Todd L. Spillane
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Name: Todd L. Spillane
Title: Chief Compliance Officer
AIM Capital Management, Inc.
By: /s/ Todd L. Spillane
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Name: Todd L. Spillane
Title: Chief Compliance Officer
AIM Funds Management, Inc.
By: /s/ Wayne Bolton
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Name: Wayne Bolton
Title: Vice President, Compliance &
Chief Compliance Officer
AIM Private Asset Management, Inc.
By: /s/ Todd L. Spillane
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Name: Todd L. Spillane
Title: Chief Compliance Officer
AMVESCAP National Trust Company
By: /s/ Kevin Lyman
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Name: Kevin Lyman
Title: General Counsel
Atlantic Trust Company, N.A.
By: /s/ Kathleen Oldenborg
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Name: Kathleen Oldenborg
Title: Ghief Compliance Officer
INVESCO Hong Kong Limited
By: /s/ Asha Balachandra
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Name: Asha Balachandra
Title: Reg. Head of Legal AP
INVESCO Asset Management Deutschland
GmbH
By: /s/ Stephanie Ehrenfried
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Name: Stephanie Ehrenfried
Title: Head of Legal CE
INVESCO Asset Management Limited
By: /s/ Nick Styman
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Name: Nick Styman
Title: Director of European Compliance
INVESCO Asset Management S.A.
By: /s/ Patrick Riviere
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Name: Patrick Riviere
Title: Managing Director
INVESCO Asset Management Osterreich GmbH
By: /s/ Thomas Kraus
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Name: Thomas Kraus
Title: Managing Director
INVESCO Global Asset Management (N.A.),
Inc.
By: /s/ Jeffrey Kupor
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Name: Jeffrey Kupor
Title: General Counsel
INVESCO GT Management Company S.A.
By: /s/ Nick Styman
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Name: Nick Styman
Title: Director of European Compliance
INVESCO Institutional (N.A.), Inc.
By: /s/ Jeffrey Kupor
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Name: Jeffrey Kupor
Title: General Counsel
INVESCO Management S.A.
By: /s/ Alain Gerbaldi
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Name: Alain Gerbaldi
Title: Head of Investment Operations
INVESCO Maximum Income Management S.A.
By: /s/ Alain Gerbaldi
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Name: Alain Gerbaldi
Title: Head of Investment Operations
INVESCO Private Capital, Inc.
By: /s/ Jeffrey Kupor
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Name: Jeffrey Kupor
Title: General Counsel
INVESCO Senior Secured Management, Inc.
By: /s/ Jeffrey Kupor
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Name: Jeffrey Kupor
Title: General Counsel
INVESCO Taiwan Limited
By: /s/ Asha Balachandra
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Name: Asha Balachandra
Title: Reg. Head of Legal, AP
INVESCO Asset Management (Japan) Limited
By: /s/ Asha Balachandra
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Name: Asha Balachandra
Title: Reg. Head of Legal, AP
INVESCO Asset Management Ireland Limited
By: /s/ Alain Gerbaldi
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Name: Alain Gerbaldi
Title: Head of Investment Operations
INVESCO Kapitalanlagegesellschaft GmbH
By: /s/ Stephanie Ehrenfried
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Name: Stephanie Ehrenfried
Title: Head of Legal CE
PowerShares Capital Management LLC
By: /s/ Kevin Gustafson
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Name: Kevin Gustafson
Title: General Counsel & COO
Stein Roe Investment Counsel, Inc.
By: /s/ Greg Campbell
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Name: Greg Campbell
Title: General Counsel