424B4: Prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(4)
Published on September 5, 2001
Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(4)
Registration No. 333-65526
PROSPECTUS
$175,000,000
EMCORE CORPORATION
5% CONVERTIBLE SUBORDINATED NOTES DUE 2006 AND
THE COMMON STOCK ISSUABLE UPON CONVERSION OF THE NOTES
We issued the notes in a private placement in May 2001. This prospectus
will be used by selling securityholders to resell their notes and the common
stock issuable upon conversion of their notes.
The notes are convertible, at the option of the holder, at any time on or
prior to maturity into shares of our common stock. The notes are convertible at
a conversion price of $48.7629 per share, which is equal to 20.5074 shares per
$1,000 principal amount of notes, subject to adjustment. We will pay interest on
the notes on May 15 and November 15 of each year, beginning November 15, 2001.
The notes will mature on May 15, 2006, unless earlier converted or redeemed.
We may redeem some or all of the notes at any time before May 20, 2004 at a
redemption price of $1,000 per $1,000 principal amount of notes, plus accrued
and unpaid interest, if any, to the redemption date, if (a) the closing price of
our common stock has exceeded 150% of the conversion price then in effect for at
least 20 trading days within a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on
the trading day before the date of mailing of the provisional redemption notice
and (b) the shelf registration statement covering resales of the notes and the
common stock issuable upon conversion of the notes is effective and available
for use and is expected to remain effective and available for use for the 30
days following the provisional redemption date, unless registration is no longer
required. We will make an additional payment in cash or common stock with
respect to the notes called for provisional redemption in an amount equal to
$150.00 per $1,000 principal amount of notes, less the amount of any interest
actually paid on the notes before the date of redemption. We may redeem some or
all of the notes at any time on or after May 20, 2004 at the redemption prices
described in this prospectus.
Our common stock is quoted on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol
"EMKR." On August 29, 2001, the last reported sale price of the common stock on
the Nasdaq National Market was $15.30 per share.
Investing In The Securities Offered Hereby Involves A High Degree Of Risk. See
"Risk Factors" Beginning On Page 10.
THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION AND STATE SECURITIES REGULATORS HAVE NOT
APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED OF THESE SECURITIES OR DETERMINED IF THIS PROSPECTUS IS
TRUTHFUL OR COMPLETE. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
THE DATE OF THIS PROSPECTUS IS AUGUST 31, 2001
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS........................................................3
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION..........................................3
INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE...................................................3
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS...................................................4
SUMMARY......................................................................5
RISK FACTORS................................................................10
USE OF PROCEEDS.............................................................19
RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES..........................................19
DESCRIPTION OF THE NOTES....................................................20
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK................................................35
CERTAIN U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS..............................35
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION........................................................40
SELLING SECURITYHOLDERS.....................................................43
LEGAL MATTERS...............................................................44
EXPERTS.....................................................................44
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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS
This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we have filed with
the SEC using a "shelf" registration process. Under this shelf registration
process, selling securityholders may, from time to time, resell their notes, and
the common stock issuable upon the sale of their notes, in one or more
offerings. Please carefully read both this prospectus and any applicable
prospectus supplement together with additional information described under the
headings "Where You Can Find More Information" and "Incorporation by Reference."
You should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by
reference in this prospectus. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with
information that is different from what is contained in this prospectus. This
prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to
buy any securities in any jurisdiction where it is unlawful to do so. You should
not assume that the information contained in this prospectus is accurate as of
any date other than its date, and neither the delivery of this prospectus nor
the sale of securities hereunder shall create any implication to the contrary.
In this prospectus, the "Company," "EMCORE," "we," "us" and "our" refer to
EMCORE Corporation, and its subsidiaries.
Each trademark, trade name or service mark of any other company appearing
in this prospectus belongs to its holder.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We file annual, quarterly and special reports, proxy statements and other
information with the SEC under the Exchange Act. The Exchange Act file number
for our SEC filings is 000-22175. You may read and copy any document we file at
the following SEC public reference rooms:
Judiciary Plaza 500 West Madison Street 7 World Trade Center
450 Fifth Street, N.W 14th Floor Suite 1300
Rm. 1024 Chicago, Illinois 60661 New York, New York 10048
Washington, D.C. 20549
You may obtain information on the operation of the public reference room in
Washington, D.C. by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. We file information
electronically with the SEC. Our SEC filings are available from the SEC's
Internet site at HTTP://WWW.SEC.GOV, which contains reports, proxy and
information statements and other information regarding issuers that file
electronically.
INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
We can disclose important information to you by referring you to those
documents that we have previously filed with the SEC or documents that we will
file with the SEC in the future. The information incorporated by reference is
considered to be part of this prospectus, and information in documents that we
file later with the SEC will automatically update and supersede information in
this prospectus. We incorporate by reference the documents listed below into
this prospectus, and any future filings made by us with the SEC under Sections
13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
(the "Exchange Act"), until we terminate this offering and the option we have
granted to the initial purchasers expires or is exercised. The documents we
incorporate by reference are:
1. The description of our common stock in our Registration Statement on
Form 8-A, as filed with the SEC on February 26, 1997;
2. Our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30,
2000 (except for Part IV Item 14(a)(2) Schedule I);
3. Our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarters ended
December 31, 2000, March 31, 2001 and June 30, 2001; and
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4. Our definitive proxy materials on Schedule 14A as filed with the SEC on
January 26, 2001.
We furnish our stockholders with annual reports that contain audited
financial statements.
We will provide to you, without charge, a copy of any and all of the
documents or information referred to above that we have incorporated by
reference in this prospectus (other than exhibits to the documents unless those
exhibits are specifically incorporated by reference into this prospectus).
Requests for such copies should be directed to the following address:
EMCORE Corporation
145 Belmont Drive
Somerset, New Jersey
Attn: Chief Financial Officer
Telephone (732) 271-9090.
This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the
SEC. You should rely only on the information incorporated by reference or
provided in this prospectus or any supplement. We have not authorized anyone
else to provide you with different information. You should not assume that the
information in this prospectus or any supplement is accurate as of any date
other than the date on the front of that document.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of
Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. We have
based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and
projections about future events and financial trends affecting the financial
condition of our business. These forward-looking statements are subject to a
number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions about us, including, among other
things:
o general economic and business conditions, both nationally and in our
markets;
o our expectations and estimates concerning our future financial
performance, financing plans and the effect of competition;
o anticipated trends in the compound semiconductor wafers and devices
business;
o existing and future regulations affecting the compound semiconductor
wafers and devices business; and
o other risk factors set forth in the "Risk Factors" section of this
prospectus.
In addition, in this prospectus, the words "believe," "may," "will,"
"estimate," "continue," "anticipate," "intend," "expect" and similar
expressions, as they relate to us, our business or our management, are intended
to identify forward-looking statements.
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SUMMARY
THIS SUMMARY HIGHLIGHTS INFORMATION CONTAINED ELSEWHERE OR INCORPORATED BY
REFERENCE IN THIS PROSPECTUS. YOU SHOULD READ THE ENTIRE PROSPECTUS CAREFULLY,
INCLUDING THE INCORPORATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND RELATED NOTES, BEFORE MAKING
AN INVESTMENT. UNLESS THE CONTEXT OTHERWISE REQUIRES, IN THIS PROSPECTUS, THE
"COMPANY," "EMCORE," "WE," "US," AND "OUR" REFER TO EMCORE CORPORATION AND ITS
SUBSIDIARIES.
COMPANY OVERVIEW
We design, develop and manufacture compound semiconductor wafers and
devices and are a leading developer and manufacturer of the tools and
manufacturing processes used to fabricate compound semiconductor wafers and
devices. Compound semiconductors are composed of two or more elements and
usually consist of a metal, such as gallium, aluminum or indium, and a non-metal
such as arsenic, phosphorus or nitrogen. Many compound semiconductors have
unique physical properties that enable electrons to move through them at least
four times faster than through silicon-based devices and are therefore well
suited to serve the growing need for efficient, high performance electronic
systems.
We offer a comprehensive portfolio of products and systems for the rapidly
expanding broadband, wireless communications and solid state lighting markets.
We have developed extensive materials science expertise and process technology
to address our customers' needs. Customers can take advantage of our vertically
integrated solutions approach by purchasing custom-designed wafers and devices
from us, or by manufacturing their own devices in-house using one of our metal
organic chemical vapor deposition ("MOCVD") production systems configured to
their specific needs. Our products and systems enable our customers to cost
effectively introduce new and improved high performance products to the market
faster in high volumes.
The growth in our business is driven by the widespread deployment of fiber
optic networks, introduction of new wireless networks and services, rapid
build-out of satellite communication systems, increasing use of more power
efficient lighting sources, increasing use of electronics in automobiles and
emergence of advanced consumer electronic applications. Also, the growing
demands for higher volumes of a broad range of higher performance devices has
resulted in manufacturers increasingly outsourcing their needs for compound
semiconductor wafers and devices. Our expertise in materials science and process
technology provides us with a competitive advantage to manufacture compound
semiconductor wafers and devices in high volumes. We have increased revenues at
a compound annual growth rate ("CAGR") of 30% over the three fiscal years ended
September 30, 2000, from $47.8 million in fiscal 1997 to $104.5 million in
fiscal 2000.
WAFERS AND DEVICES. We offer a broad array of compound semiconductor wafers
and devices, including optical components and components for use in high-speed
data communications and telecommunications networks, radio frequency materials
("RF materials") used in mobile communications products such as wireless modems
and handsets, solar cells that power commercial and military satellites, high
brightness light-emitting diodes ("HB LEDs") for several lighting markets, and
magneto resistive sensors ("MR sensors") for various automotive applications.
o OPTICAL COMPONENTS AND MODULES. Our family of vertical cavity surface
emitting lasers ("VCSELs") and VCSEL array transceiver and transponder
products, as well as our photodiode array components, serve the
rapidly growing high-speed data communications network markets,
including the Gigabit Ethernet, FibreChannel, Infiniband, and Very
Short Reach OC-192, the emerging Very Short Reach OC-768 and related
markets. Our strategy is to manufacture high cost optical components
and subassemblies in-house, using our proprietary technologies, to
reduce the overall cost of our transceiver and transponder modules.
o RF MATERIALS. We currently produce 4-inch and 6-inch InGaP HBT and
pHEMT materials that are used by our wireless customers for power
amplifiers for GSM, TDMA, CDMA and the emerging 3G multiband wireless
handsets.
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o SOLAR CELLS. Solar cells are typically the largest single cost
component of a satellite. Our compound semiconductor solar cells,
which are used to power commercial and military satellites, have
achieved industry-leading efficiencies. Solar cell efficiency dictates
the electrical power of the satellite and bears upon the weight and
launch costs of the satellite. We began shipping our triple junction
solar cells in December 2000.
o HB LEDS. Through our joint venture with General Electric Lighting, we
provide advanced HB LED technology used in such applications as
traffic lights, miniature lamps, automotive lighting, and flat panel
displays.
PRODUCTION SYSTEMS. We are a leading provider of compound semiconductor
technology processes and MOCVD production tools. We believe that our proprietary
TurboDisc deposition technology makes possible one of the most cost-effective
production processes for the commercial volume manufacture of high-performance
compound semiconductor wafers and devices, which are integral to broadband
communication applications. According to VLSI Research, the worldwide market for
MOCVD tools is expected to reach $550.4 million by 2005.
CUSTOMERS
Our customers include Agilent Technologies Ltd., Anadigics Inc.,
Boeing-Spectrolab, Corning, Inc., General Motors Corp., Hewlett Packard Co.,
Honeywell International Inc., IBM, JDS Uniphase Corp., Loral Space &
Communications Ltd., Lucent Technologies, Inc., Motorola, Inc., Nortel Networks
Corp., Siemens AG's Osram GmbH subsidiary, TriQuint Semiconductor, Inc. and more
than a dozen of the largest electronics manufacturers in Japan.
BENEFITS OF COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS
Recent advances in information technologies have created a growing need for
efficient, high-performance electronic systems that operate at very high
frequencies, have increased storage capacity and computational and display
capabilities and can be produced cost-effectively in commercial volumes. In the
past, electronic systems manufacturers have relied on advances in silicon
semiconductor technology to meet many of these demands. However, the newest
generation of high-performance electronic and optoelectronic applications
require certain functions that are generally not achievable using silicon-based
components.
Compound semiconductors have emerged as an enabling technology to meet the
complex requirements of today's advanced information systems. Many compound
semiconductor materials have unique physical properties that allow electrons to
move at least four times faster than through silicon-based devices. Advantages
of compound semiconductor devices over silicon devices include:
o operation at higher speeds;
o lower power consumption;
o less noise and distortion; and
o optoelectronic properties that enable these devices to emit and detect
light.
Although compound semiconductors are more expensive to manufacture than the
more traditional silicon-based semiconductors, electronics manufacturers are
increasingly integrating compound semiconductors into their products in order to
achieve the higher performance demands of today's electronic products and
systems.
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STRATEGY
Our objective is to capitalize on our position as a leading developer and
manufacturer of compound semiconductor tools and manufacturing processes to
become the leading supplier of compound semiconductor wafers and devices. The
key elements of our strategy are to:
o apply our core materials and manufacturing expertise across multiple
product applications;
o target high growth market opportunities;
o continue to recognize greater value for our core technology;
o partner with key industry participants; and
o continue our investment in research and development to maintain
technology leadership.
--------------------------------
Our principal executive offices are located at 145 Belmont Drive, Somerset,
New Jersey 08873, and our telephone number is (732) 271-9090.
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THE OFFERING
Securities offered.................. $175,000,000 aggregate principal amount of
5% Convertible Subordinated Notes due 2006
and the underlying common stock.
Interest ........................... The notes will bear interest at an annual
rate of 5%. Interest is payable on May 15
and November 15 of each year, beginning
November 15, 2001.
Maturity date....................... May 15, 2006
Conversion rights................... Holders may convert all or some of their
notes at any time prior to the close of
business on the business day immediately
preceding the maturity date at a
conversion price of $48.7629 per share.
The initial conversion price is equivalent
to a conversion rate of 20.5074 shares per
$1,000 principal amount of notes. The
conversion price is subject to adjustment.
Upon conversion, you will not receive any
cash representing accrued interest.
Provisional redemption.............. We may redeem the notes, in whole or in
part, at any time before May 20, 2004, at
a redemption price equal to $1,000 per
$1,000 principal amount of notes to be
redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest,
if any, to the date of redemption if (a)
the closing price of our common stock has
exceeded 150% of the conversion price then
in effect for at least 20 trading days
within a period of 30 consecutive trading
days ending on the trading day before the
date of mailing of the provisional
redemption notice and (b) the shelf
registration statement covering resales of
the notes and the common stock issuable
upon conversion of the notes is effective
and available for use and is expected to
remain effective and available for use for
the 30 days following the provisional
redemption date, unless registration is no
longer required. Upon any provisional
redemption we will make an additional
payment in cash or common stock, or a
combination thereof, with respect to the
notes called for redemption in an amount
equal to $150.00 per $1,000 principal
amount of notes, less the amount of any
interest actually paid on the notes before
the date of redemption. We will be
obligated to make this additional payment
on all notes called for provisional
redemption, including any notes converted
after the notice date and before the
provisional redemption date.
Optional redemption................. We may redeem the notes on or after May
20, 2004, at the redemption prices set
forth in this prospectus.
Change in control................... Upon a change in control, we may be
required to make an offer to purchase each
holder's notes at a price equal to 100% of
the principal amount thereof, plus accrued
and unpaid interest, if any, to the date
of purchase.
Subordination....................... The notes will be our unsecured
obligations. The notes will be
subordinated in right of payment to all of
our existing and future senior
indebtedness and structurally subordinated
to all of our existing and future
indebtedness and other liabilities of our
subsidiaries. As of August 29, 2001, we
had senior indebtedness of approximately
$0.1 million. The indenture governing
the notes will not limit our or our
subsidiaries' ability to incur senior
indebtedness or other debt.
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Registration rights................. We have agreed to file this shelf
registration statement with the SEC with
respect to the notes and the common stock
issuable upon conversion of the notes. If
we fail to fulfill certain related
obligations within specified time
periods, we will pay additional interest
of 0.5% per annum on the notes until we
fulfill those obligations.
Use of proceeds..................... We will not receive any proceeds from the
sale by any selling securityholder of the
notes or the underlying common stock.
Trading............................. The notes are eligible for trading in
PORTAL. However, we cannot give any
assurance as to the liquidity of, or
trading market for, the notes.
Common stock........................ Our common stock is quoted on The Nasdaq
National Market under the symbol "EMKR."
RISK FACTORS
Investment in the securities involves certain risks. You should carefully
consider the information under "Risk Factors" and all other information included
in this prospectus before investing in the securities.
9
RISK FACTORS
YOU SHOULD CAREFULLY CONSIDER THE RISKS DESCRIBED BELOW BEFORE MAKING AN
INVESTMENT DECISION. IF ANY OF THE FOLLOWING RISKS ACTUALLY OCCURS, OUR
BUSINESS, FINANCIAL CONDITION OR RESULTS OF OPERATIONS COULD BE MATERIALLY AND
ADVERSELY AFFECTED. IN SUCH CASE, OUR ABILITY TO MAKE PAYMENTS ON THE NOTES
COULD BE IMPAIRED, THE TRADING PRICE OF THE NOTES AND OUR COMMON STOCK COULD
DECLINE, AND YOU COULD LOSE ALL OR PART OF YOUR INVESTMENT.
THIS PROSPECTUS ALSO CONTAINS FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS THAT INVOLVE RISKS
AND UNCERTAINTIES. OUR ACTUAL RESULTS COULD DIFFER MATERIALLY FROM THOSE
ANTICIPATED IN THESE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AS A RESULT OF CERTAIN FACTORS,
INCLUDING THE RISKS FACED BY US DESCRIBED BELOW AND ELSEWHERE IN THIS
PROSPECTUS.
RISK FACTORS RELATING TO OUR BUSINESS
OUR RAPID GROWTH PLACES A STRAIN ON OUR RESOURCES.
We are experiencing rapid growth, having added a significant number of new
employees within the last year. We have also expanded our manufacturing
facilities in Albuquerque, New Mexico and in Somerset, New Jersey. This growth
has placed and will continue to place a significant strain on our management,
financial, sales and other employees and on our internal systems and controls.
If we are unable to effectively manage multiple facilities and joint ventures in
geographically distant locations, our business, financial condition and results
of operations will be materially and adversely affected. We are also in the
process of installing new manufacturing software for all of our facilities and
are replacing our accounting and purchasing systems. Most of the new
manufacturing software is customized to our particular business and
manufacturing processes. It will take time and require evaluation to eliminate
any of the malfunctions in the software and to train personnel to use the new
software. In this transition we may experience delays in production, cost
overruns and disruptions in our operations.
WE MAY CONTINUE TO INCUR OPERATING LOSSES.
We started operations in 1984 and as of December 31, 2000 had an
accumulated deficit of $115.9 million. We incurred net losses of $36.4 million
in fiscal 1998, $22.7 million in fiscal 1999, $25.5 million in fiscal 2000 and
$6.0 million in the first nine months of fiscal 2001. We may continue to incur
losses. To support our growth, we have increased our expense levels and our
investments in inventory and capital equipment. As a result, we will need to
significantly increase revenues and profit margins to become and stay
profitable. If our sales and profit margins do not increase to support the
higher levels of operating expenses and if our new product offerings are not
successful, our business, financial condition and results of operations will be
materially and adversely affected.
WE MUST CONTINUALLY IMPROVE EXISTING PRODUCTS, DESIGN AND SELL NEW PRODUCTS AND
MANAGE THE COSTS OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN ORDER TO EFFECTIVELY COMPETE.
We compete in markets characterized by rapid technological change, evolving
industry standards and continuous improvements in products. Due to constant
changes in these markets, our future success depends on our ability to improve
our manufacturing processes, tools and products. To remain competitive we must
continually introduce manufacturing tools with higher capacity and better
production yields.
We have recently introduced a number of new products, and, in connection
with a recent joint venture and internal development, we will be introducing
additional new products in the future. The commercialization of new products
involves substantial expenditures for research and development, production and
marketing. We may be unable to successfully design, develop or manufacture these
new products and may have difficulty penetrating new markets.
10
Because it is generally not possible to predict the amount of time required
and the costs involved in achieving certain research, development and
engineering objectives, actual development costs may exceed budgeted amounts and
estimated product development schedules may be extended. Our business, financial
condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected if:
o we are unable to improve our existing products on a timely basis;
o our new products are not introduced on a timely basis or do not
achieve sufficient market penetration;
o we incur budget overruns or delays in our research and development
efforts; or
o our new products experience reliability or quality problems.
OUR INDUSTRY IS RAPIDLY CHANGING.
The compound semiconductor industry is changing rapidly due to, among other
things, continuous technological improvements in products and evolving industry
standards. This industry is marked by the continuous introduction of new
products and increased capacity for services similar to those provided by us.
Future technological advances in the compound semiconductor industry may result
in the availability of new products or increase the efficiency of existing
products. If a technology becomes available that is more cost-effective or
creates a superior product, we may be unable to access such technology or its
use may involve substantial capital expenditures which we may be unable to
finance. There can be no assurance that existing, proposed or as yet undeveloped
technologies will not render our technology less profitable or that we will have
available the financial and other resources necessary to compete effectively
against companies possessing such technologies. There can be no assurance that
we will be able to adapt to technological changes or offer competitive products
on a timely or cost effective basis.
FLUCTUATIONS IN OUR QUARTERLY OPERATING RESULTS MAY NEGATIVELY IMPACT OUR STOCK
PRICE.
Our revenues and operating results may vary significantly from quarter to
quarter due to a number of factors particular to us and the compound
semiconductor industry. Not all of these factors are in our control. These
factors include:
o the volume and timing of orders for our products, particularly
TurboDisc systems, which have an average selling price in excess of
$1.0 million;
o the timing of our announcements and introduction of new products and
of similar announcements by our competitors;
o downturns in the market for our customers' products;
o regional economic conditions, particularly in Asia where we derive a
significant portion of our revenues;
o price volatility in the compound semiconductor industry;
o changes in product mix; and
o timing of customer orders.
These factors may cause our operating results for future periods to be
below the expectations of analysts and investors. This may cause a decline in
the price of our common stock and adversely affect the price of the notes.
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OUR JOINT VENTURE PARTNER, WHO HAS CONTROL OF THIS VENTURE, MAY MAKE DECISIONS
THAT WE DO NOT AGREE WITH AND THAT ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR NET INCOME.
We do not have a majority interest in our joint venture with General
Electric Lighting. The joint venture is governed by a board of managers with
representatives from our strategic partner and us. Many fundamental decisions
must be approved by both parties to the joint venture, which means we will be
unable to direct the operation and direction of the joint venture without the
agreement of our joint venture partner. If we are unable to agree on important
issues with the joint venture partner, the business of the joint venture may be
delayed or interrupted, which may, in turn, materially and adversely affect our
business, financial condition and results of operations.
We have devoted and will be required to continue to devote significant
funds and technologies to our joint venture to develop and enhance their
products. In addition, our joint venture will require that some of our
employees devote much of their time to joint venture projects. This will place a
strain on our management, scientific, financial and sales employees. If our
joint venture is unsuccessful in developing and marketing their products, our
business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and
adversely affected.
We have agreed with General Electric Lighting that our joint venture will
be the sole vehicle for each party's participation in the solid state lighting
market. The two parties have also agreed to several limitations during the life
of the venture and thereafter relating to how each of us can make use of the
joint venture's technology. One consequence of these limitations is that in
certain circumstances, such as a material default by us or certain sales of our
interest in the joint venture, we would not be permitted to use the joint
venture's technology to compete against General Electric Lighting in the solid
state lighting market.
SINCE A LARGE PERCENTAGE OF OUR REVENUES ARE FROM FOREIGN SALES, CERTAIN EXPORT
RISKS MAY DISPROPORTIONATELY AFFECT OUR REVENUES.
Sales to customers located outside the United States accounted for
approximately 39.1% of our revenues in fiscal 1998, 52.6% of our revenues in
fiscal 1999, 38.6% of our revenues in fiscal 2000 and 45.0% of our revenues in
the first nine months of fiscal 2001. Sales to customers in Asia represent the
majority of our international sales. We believe that international sales will
continue to account for a significant percentage of our revenues. Because of
this, the following export risks may disproportionately affect our revenues:
o political and economic instability may inhibit export of our systems
and devices and limit potential customers' access to U.S. dollars;
o shipping and installation costs of our systems may increase;
o we may experience difficulties in the timeliness of collection of
foreign accounts receivable and be forced to write off receivables
from foreign customers;
o a strong dollar may make our systems less attractive to foreign
purchasers who may decide to postpone making such capital
expenditures;
o tariffs and other barriers may make our systems and devices less cost
competitive;
o we may have difficulty in staffing and managing our international
operations;
o the laws of certain foreign countries may not adequately protect our
trade secrets and intellectual property; and
o potentially adverse tax consequences to our customers may make our
systems and devices not cost-competitive.
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WE WILL LOSE SALES IF WE ARE UNABLE TO OBTAIN GOVERNMENT AUTHORIZATION TO EXPORT
OUR PRODUCTS.
Exports of our products to certain destinations, such as the People's
Republic of China, Malaysia and Taiwan, may require pre-shipment authorization
from U.S. export control authorities, including the U.S. Departments of Commerce
and State. Authorization may be conditioned on end-use restrictions. On certain
occasions, we have been denied authorization, particularly with respect to the
People's Republic of China. Failure to receive these authorizations may
materially and adversely affect our revenues and in turn our business, financial
condition and results of operations from international sales. Additionally,
export jurisdiction relating to exports of satellites and associated components
has not been definitively settled. Such exports may in the future require a
license from the Department of State. This may cause delays in shipping solar
cells abroad. Delays in receiving export licenses for solar cells may materially
and adversely affect our revenues and in turn our business, financial condition
and results of operations.
OUR OPERATING RESULTS COULD BE HARMED IF WE LOSE ACCESS TO SOLE OR LIMITED
SOURCES OF MATERIALS OR SERVICES.
We currently obtain some components and services for our products from
limited or single sources, such as substrates from AXT, Inc. We purchase these
components and services on a purchase order basis, do not carry significant
inventories of these components and do not have any long-term supply contracts
with these vendors. Because we often do not account for a significant part of
our vendors' business, we may not have access to sufficient capacity from these
vendors in periods of high demand. If we were to change any of our limited or
sole source vendors, we would be required to requalify each new vendor.
Requalification could prevent or delay product shipments that could negatively
affect our results of operations. In addition, our reliance on these vendors may
negatively affect our production if the components vary in quality or quantity.
If we are unable to obtain timely deliveries of sufficient components of
acceptable quality or if the prices of components for which we do not have
alternative sources increase, our business, financial condition and results of
operations could be materially and adversely affected.
OUR PRODUCTS ARE DIFFICULT TO MANUFACTURE AND OUR PRODUCTION COULD BE DISRUPTED
IF WE ARE UNABLE TO AVOID MANUFACTURING DIFFICULTIES.
We manufacture all of our wafers and devices in our manufacturing
facilities. Minute impurities, difficulties in the production process, defects
in the layering of the devices' constituent compounds, wafer breakage or other
factors can cause a substantial percentage of wafers and devices to be rejected
or numerous devices on each wafer to be non-functional. These factors can result
in lower than expected production yields, which would delay product shipments
and may materially and adversely affect our operating results. Because the
majority of our costs of manufacture are relatively fixed, the number of
shippable devices per wafer for a given product is critical to our financial
results. Additionally, because we manufacture all of our products at our
facilities in Somerset, New Jersey and Albuquerque, New Mexico, any interruption
in manufacturing resulting from fire, natural disaster, equipment failures or
otherwise would materially and adversely affect our business, financial
condition and results of operations.
WE FACE LENGTHY SALES AND QUALIFICATIONS CYCLES FOR OUR PRODUCTS AND, IN MANY
CASES, MUST INVEST A SUBSTANTIAL AMOUNT OF TIME AND FUNDS BEFORE WE RECEIVE
ORDERS.
Sales of our TurboDisc systems primarily depend upon the decision of a
prospective customer to increase its manufacturing capacity, which typically
involves a significant capital commitment by the customer. Customers usually
place orders with us between two to nine months after our initial contact with
them. We often experience delays in obtaining system sales orders while
customers evaluate and receive internal approvals for the purchase of these
systems. These delays may include the time necessary to plan, design or complete
a new or expanded compound semiconductor fabrication facility. Due to these
factors, we expend substantial funds and sales, marketing and management efforts
to sell our compound semiconductor production systems. These expenditures
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and efforts may not result in sales. In order to expand our materials production
capabilities, we have dedicated a number of our TurboDisc systems to the
manufacture of wafers and devices. Several of our products are currently being
tested to determine whether they meet customer or industry specifications.
During this qualification period, we invest significant resources and dedicate
substantial production capacity to the manufacture of these new products, prior
to any commitment to purchase by the prospective customer and without generating
significant revenues from the qualification process. If we are unable to meet
these specifications or do not receive sufficient orders to profitably use the
dedicated production capacity, our business, financial condition and results of
operations would be materially and adversely affected.
Our historical and future budgets for operating expenses, capital
expenditures, operating leases and service contracts are based upon our
assumptions as to the anticipated market acceptance of our products. Because of
the lengthy lead time required for our product development and the changes in
technology that typically occur during such period, it is difficult to estimate
customer demand for a product accurately. If our products do not achieve
expected customer demand, our business, financial condition and results of
operation will be materially and adversely affected.
INDUSTRY DEMAND FOR SKILLED EMPLOYEES, PARTICULARLY SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL
PERSONNEL WITH COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR EXPERIENCE, EXCEEDS THE NUMBER OF SKILLED
PERSONNEL AVAILABLE.
Our future success depends, in part, on our ability to attract and retain
certain key personnel, including scientific, operational and management
personnel. We anticipate that we will need to hire additional skilled personnel
to continue to expand all areas of our business. The competition for attracting
and retaining these employees, especially scientists, is intense. Because of
this intense competition for these skilled employees, we may be unable to retain
our existing personnel or attract additional qualified employees in the future.
If we are unable to retain our skilled employees and attract additional
qualified employees to keep up with our expansion, our business, financial
condition and results of operations will be materially and adversely affected.
PROTECTING OUR TRADE SECRETS AND OBTAINING PATENT PROTECTION IS CRITICAL TO OUR
ABILITY TO EFFECTIVELY COMPETE FOR BUSINESS.
Our success and competitive position depend on protecting our trade secrets
and other intellectual property. Our strategy is to rely both on trade secrets
and patents to protect our manufacturing and sales processes and products.
Reliance on trade secrets is only an effective business practice insofar as
trade secrets remain undisclosed and a proprietary product or process is not
reverse engineered or independently developed. We take certain measures to
protect our trade secrets, including executing non-disclosure agreements with
our employees, joint venture partner, customers and suppliers. If parties breach
these agreements or the measures we take are not properly implemented, we may
not have an adequate remedy. Disclosure of our trade secrets or reverse
engineering of our proprietary products, processes or devices could materially
and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of
operations. We are actively pursuing patents on some of our recent inventions.
There is no assurance that any patents will be obtained. If obtained, there is
no assurance that any patents will afford us commercially significant protection
of our technologies or that we will have adequate resources to enforce our
patents. In addition, the laws of certain other countries may not protect our
intellectual property to the same extent as U.S. laws.
OUR FAILURE TO OBTAIN OR MAINTAIN THE RIGHT TO USE CERTAIN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
MAY ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR FINANCIAL RESULTS.
The compound semiconductor, optoelectronics, and fiberoptic communications
industries are characterized by frequent litigation regarding patent and other
intellectual property rights. From time to time we have received and may receive
in the future, notice of claims of infringement of other parties' proprietary
rights and licensing offers to commercialize third party patent rights. Although
we are not currently involved in any litigation relating to our intellectual
property, there can be no assurance that:
14
o infringement claims (or claims for indemnification resulting from
infringement claims) will not be asserted against us or that such
claims will not be successful;
o future assertions will not result in an injunction against the sale of
infringing products or otherwise significantly impair our business and
results of operations; or
o we will not be required to obtain licenses, the expense of which may
adversely affect our results of operations and profitability.
INTERRUPTIONS IN OUR BUSINESS AND A SIGNIFICANT LOSS OF SALES TO ASIA MAY RESULT
IF OUR PRIMARY ASIAN DISTRIBUTOR FAILS TO EFFECTIVELY MARKET AND SERVICE OUR
PRODUCTS.
We rely on a single marketing, distribution and service provider, Hakuto
Co. Ltd., to market and service many of our products in Japan, China and
Singapore. Hakuto is one of our shareholders and Hakuto's president is a member
of our Board of Directors. We have distributorship agreements with Hakuto which
expire in March 2008 and give Hakuto exclusive distribution rights for certain
of our products in Japan. Hakuto's failure to effectively market and service our
products or termination of our relationship with Hakuto could result in
significant delays or interruption in our marketing and service programs in
Asia. This could materially and adversely affect our business, financial
condition and results of operations.
OUR MANAGEMENT'S STOCK OWNERSHIP GIVES THEM THE POWER TO CONTROL BUSINESS
AFFAIRS AND PREVENT A TAKEOVER THAT COULD BE BENEFICIAL TO UNAFFILIATED
SHAREHOLDERS.
Certain members of our management, specifically Thomas J. Russell, Chairman
of our Board, Reuben F. Richards, President, Chief Executive Officer and a
director, and Robert Louis-Dreyfus, a director, are former members of Jesup &
Lamont Merchant Partners, L.L.C. They collectively beneficially own more than
20% of our common stock. Accordingly, such persons will continue to hold
sufficient voting power to control our business and affairs for the foreseeable
future. This concentration of ownership may also have the effect of delaying,
deferring or preventing a change in control of our company, which could have a
material adverse effect on our stock price.
UNSUCCESSFUL CONTROL OF THE HAZARDOUS RAW MATERIALS USED IN OUR MANUFACTURING
PROCESS COULD RESULT IN COSTLY REMEDIATION FEES, PENALTIES OR DAMAGES UNDER
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFETY REGULATIONS.
The production of wafers and devices involves the use of certain hazardous
raw materials, including, but not limited to, ammonia, phosphine and arsine. If
our control systems are unsuccessful in preventing a release of these materials
into the environment or other adverse environmental conditions occur, we could
experience interruptions in our operations and incur substantial remediation and
other costs. Failure to comply with environmental and health and safety laws and
regulations may materially and adversely affect our business, financial
condition and results of operations.
OUR BUSINESS OR OUR STOCK PRICE COULD BE ADVERSELY AFFECTED BY ISSUANCE OF
PREFERRED STOCK.
Our board of directors is authorized to issue up to 5,882,352 shares of
preferred stock with such dividend rates, liquidation preferences, voting
rights, redemption and conversion terms and privileges as our board of
directors, in its sole discretion, may determine. The issuance of shares of
preferred stock may result in a decrease in the value or market price of our
common stock, or our board of directors could use the preferred stock to delay
or discourage hostile bids for control of us in which shareholders may receive
premiums for their common stock or to make the possible sale of the company or
the removal of our management more difficult. The issuance of shares of
preferred stock could adversely affect the voting and other rights of the
holders of common stock.
15
CERTAIN PROVISIONS OF NEW JERSEY LAW AND OUR CHARTER MAY MAKE A TAKEOVER OF OUR
COMPANY DIFFICULT EVEN IF SUCH TAKEOVER COULD BE BENEFICIAL TO SOME OF OUR
SHAREHOLDERS.
New Jersey law and our certificate of incorporation, as amended, contain
certain provisions that could delay or prevent a takeover attempt that our
shareholders may consider in their best interests. Our board of directors is
divided into three classes. Directors are elected to serve staggered three-year
terms and are not subject to removal except for cause by the vote of the holders
of at least 80% of our capital stock. In addition, approval by the holders of
80% of our voting stock is required for certain business combinations unless
these transactions meet certain fair price criteria and procedural requirements
or are approved by two-thirds of our continuing directors. We may in the future
adopt other measures that may have the effect of delaying or discouraging an
unsolicited takeover, even if the takeover were at a premium price or favored by
a majority of unaffiliated shareholders. Certain of these measures may be
adopted without any further vote or action by our shareholders.
THE PRICE OF OUR COMMON STOCK HAS FLUCTUATED WIDELY IN THE LAST YEAR AND MAY
FLUCTUATE WIDELY IN THE FUTURE.
Our common stock is traded on The Nasdaq National Market, which has
experienced and may continue to experience significant price and volume
fluctuations that could adversely affect the market price of our common stock
without regard to our operating performance. In addition, we believe that
factors such as quarterly fluctuations in financial results, earnings below
analysts' estimates, and financial performance and other activities of other
publicly traded companies in the semiconductor industry could cause the price of
our common stock to fluctuate substantially. In addition, in recent periods our
common stock, the stock market in general, and the market for shares of small
capitalization and semiconductor industry-related stocks in particular, have
experienced extreme price fluctuations which have often been unrelated to the
operating performance of affected companies. Any similar fluctuations in the
future could adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
Our stock price has fluctuated widely in the last year and may fluctuate
widely in the future. Since March 31, 2000, our closing stock price has been as
high as $62.50 per share and as low as $14.10 per share. Volatility in the price
of our common stock may be caused by other factors outside of our control and
may be unrelated or disproportionate to our operating results.
WE MAY ENGAGE IN ACQUISITIONS THAT MAY HARM OUR OPERATING RESULTS, DILUTE OUR
STOCKHOLDERS AND CAUSE US TO INCUR DEBT OR ASSUME CONTINGENT LIABILITIES.
We may pursue acquisitions to acquire new technologies, products or service
offerings. Future acquisitions by us may involve the following:
o use of significant amounts of cash;
o potentially dilutive issuances of equity securities; and
o incurrence of debt or amortization expenses related to goodwill and
other intangible assets.
In addition, acquisitions involve numerous risks, including:
o difficulties in the integration of the operations, technologies,
products and personnel of the acquired company;
o diversion of management's attention from other business concerns;
o risks of entering markets in which we have no or limited prior
experience; and
o potential loss of key employees of the acquired company.
16
From time to time, we have engaged in discussions with acquisition
candidates regarding potential acquisitions of product lines, technologies and
businesses. However, we currently have no commitments or agreements with respect
to any such transaction. If such an acquisition does occur, we cannot be certain
that our business, operating results and financial condition will not be
materially and adversely affected.
THE MARKETS IN WHICH WE COMPETE ARE HIGHLY COMPETITIVE. AN INCREASE IN
COMPETITION WOULD LIMIT OUR ABILITY TO MAINTAIN AND INCREASE OUR MARKET SHARE.
We face substantial competition from a number of companies, many of which
have greater financial, marketing, manufacturing and technical resources. Larger
competitors could spend more on research and development, which could give those
competitors an advantage in meeting customer demand. We expect that existing and
new competitors will improve the design of their existing products and will
introduce new products with enhanced performance characteristics. The
introduction of new products or more efficient production of existing products
by our competitors could diminish our market share and gross margins.
RISK FACTORS RELATING TO THE NOTES
THE NOTES ARE SUBORDINATED.
The notes are unsecured and subordinated in right of payment to all of our
existing and future senior indebtedness. The indenture defines senior
indebtedness as all indebtedness of EMCORE Corporation other than any
indebtedness that expressly states that it is subordinated to the notes. In the
event of our bankruptcy, liquidation or reorganization or upon acceleration of
the notes due to an event of default under the indenture and in certain other
events, our assets will be available to pay obligations on the notes only after
all senior indebtedness has been paid. In addition, the subordination provisions
of the indenture provide that payments with respect to the notes will be blocked
in the event of a payment default on senior indebtedness and may be blocked for
up to 179 days each year in the event of certain non-payment defaults on senior
indebtedness. As a result, there may not be sufficient assets remaining to pay
amounts due on any or all of the outstanding notes. In addition, under the
subordination provisions of the indenture, payments that would otherwise be made
to holders of the notes will instead be paid to holders of senior indebtedness
under certain circumstances. As a result of these provisions, our other
creditors (including trade creditors) that are not holders of senior
indebtedness may recover more, ratably, than the holders of the notes. The notes
are also structurally subordinated to all liabilities, including trade payables,
of our subsidiaries. The indenture governing the notes does not limit our or our
subsidiaries' ability to incur debt, including senior indebtedness. If we or our
subsidiaries were to incur additional debt or liabilities, our ability to pay
our obligations on the notes could be adversely affected. See "Description of
the Notes -- Subordination of Notes."
On August 29, 2001, we had approximately $100,000 of senior indebtedness
and $20.0 million available for additional borrowing under our credit facility.
WE MAY BE UNABLE TO MEET THE REDEMPTION REQUIREMENTS UPON A CHANGE IN CONTROL.
Upon a change in control, you may require us to purchase all or a portion
of your notes. If a change in control were to occur, we may not have enough
funds to pay the purchase price for all tendered notes. Our current credit
agreement contains, or other future agreements relating to our indebtedness
might contain, provisions that prohibit the repurchase of the notes upon a
change in control. If a change in control occurs at a time when we are
prohibited from purchasing the notes, we could seek the consent of our lenders
to purchase the notes or could attempt to refinance this debt. If we do not
obtain a consent, we could not purchase the notes. Our failure to purchase
tendered notes would constitute an event of default under the indenture, which
will constitute a default under our credit facility and might constitute a
default under the terms of our other debt. In such circumstances, or if a change
in control would constitute an event of default under our senior indebtedness,
the subordination provisions of the indenture would restrict payments to you.
The term "change in control" is limited to certain specified transactions and
may not include other events that might harm our financial condition. Our
obligation to offer to purchase the notes upon a change in control would not
necessarily afford you protection in the event of a highly leveraged
transaction, reorganization, merger or similar transaction involving us.
17
A PUBLIC MARKET FOR THE NOTES MAY NOT BE MAINTAINED.
The initial purchasers are not obligated to make a market for the notes and
may discontinue any market making activity at any time without notice. In
addition, market-making activity by the initial purchasers will be subject to
the limits imposed by the Securities Act and the Exchange Act. As a result, we
cannot assure you that any market for the notes will be maintained. If an active
market for the notes fails to develop or be sustained, the trading price of the
notes could decline significantly.
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USE OF PROCEEDS
We will not receive any proceeds from the sale by any selling
securityholder of the notes or the underlying common stock.
RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES
Earnings were insufficient to cover fixed charges for each of the periods
indicated by the amount set forth (in thousands):
* Indicates less than one to one coverage ratio.
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DESCRIPTION OF THE NOTES
We issued the notes under an indenture dated as of May 7, 2001 between us
and Wilmington Trust Company, as trustee (the "indenture"). The following
summarizes some, but not all, provisions of the notes and the indenture. We urge
you to read the indenture because it, and not this description, defines your
rights as a holder of the notes.
In this section of the prospectus entitled "Description of the Notes," when
we refer to "EMCORE," "we," "our," or "us," we are referring to EMCORE
Corporation and not any of its subsidiaries.
GENERAL
The notes are unsecured general obligations of EMCORE and are subordinate
in right of payment as described under "Subordination of Notes." The notes are
convertible into common stock as described under "Conversion of Notes." The
notes have been issued only in denominations of $1,000 or in multiples of
$1,000. The notes will mature on May 15, 2006, unless earlier redeemed at our
option by us or purchased by us at your option upon a change in control.
The indenture does not limit our or our subsidiaries' ability to pay
dividends, incur debt or issue or repurchase securities. In addition, there are
no financial covenants in the indenture. You are not protected under the
indenture in the event of a highly leveraged transaction or a change in control
of EMCORE, except to the extent described under "Purchase of Notes at Your
Option Upon a Change in Control."
The notes bear interest at the annual rate of 5% subject to increases
described in "Registration Rights" below. Interest is payable on May 15 and
November 15 of each year, beginning November 15, 2001, subject to limited
exceptions if the notes are converted, redeemed or purchased prior to the
interest payment date. The record dates for the payment of interest will be May
1 and November 1. We may, at our option, pay interest on the notes by check
mailed to the holders. However, a holder with an aggregate principal amount of
notes in excess of $2,000,000 will be paid by wire transfer in immediately
available funds at its election. Interest will be computed on the basis of a
360-day year comprised of twelve 30-day months. We will not be required to make
any payment on the notes due on any day which is not a business day until the
next succeeding business day. The payment made on the next succeeding business
day will be treated as though it were paid on the original due date and no
interest will accrue on the payment for the additional period of time.
We maintain, through the Trustee, an office in The City of New York where
the notes may be presented for registration, transfer, exchange or conversion.
Except under the limited circumstances described below, the notes will be issued
only in fully-registered book-entry form, without coupons, and will be
represented by one or more global notes. There will be no service charge for any
registration of transfer or exchange of notes. We may, however, require holders
to pay a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge payable in
connection with certain transfers or exchanges.
CONVERSION OF NOTES
You will have the right, at your option, to convert your notes into shares
of our common stock at any time prior to maturity, unless previously redeemed or
purchased, at the conversion price of $48.7629 per share, subject to the
adjustments described below.
Except as described below, we will not make any payment or other adjustment
for accrued interest or dividends on any common stock issued upon conversion of
the notes. If you submit your notes for conversion between a record date and the
opening of business on the next interest payment date, you must pay funds equal
to the interest payable on the converted principal amount, except if the
submitted notes or portions of notes are called for redemption or are subject to
purchase following a change in control on a date during the period from the
close of business on a record date and ending on the opening of business on the
first business day after the next interest payment date, or if this interest
payment date is not a business day, the second business day after the interest
payment date. As a result of the foregoing provisions, if the exception
described in the preceding sentence does not
20
apply and you surrender notes for conversion on a date that is not an interest
payment date, you will not receive any interest for the period from the interest
payment date next preceding the date of conversion to the date of conversion or
for any later period.
We will not issue fractional shares of common stock upon conversion of
notes. Instead, we will pay a cash amount based upon the closing market price of
the common stock on the last trading day prior to the date of conversion.
If the notes are called for redemption or are subject to purchase following
a change in control, your conversion rights on the notes called for redemption
or so subject to purchase will expire at the close of business on the last
business day before the redemption date or purchase date, as the case may be,
unless we default in the payment of the redemption price or purchase price. If
you have submitted your notes for purchase upon a change in control, you may
only convert your notes if you withdraw your election in accordance with the
indenture.
The conversion price will be adjusted upon the occurrence of:
(1) the issuance of shares of our common stock as a dividend or
distribution on our common stock;
(2) the subdivision or combination of our outstanding common stock;
(3) the issuance to all or substantially all holders of our common stock
of rights or warrants entitling them for a period of not more than 60
days to subscribe for or purchase our common stock, or securities
convertible into our common stock, at a price per share or a
conversion price per share less than the then current market price per
share, provided that the conversion price will be readjusted to the
extent that such rights or warrants are not exercised prior to the
expiration;
(4) the distribution to all or substantially all holders of our common
stock of shares of our capital stock, evidences of indebtedness or
other non-cash assets, or rights or warrants, excluding:
o dividends, distributions and rights or warrants referred to in
clause (1) or (3) above;
o dividends or distributions exclusively in cash referred to in
clause (5) below; and
o distribution of rights to all holders of common stock pursuant to
an adoption of a shareholder rights plan;
(5) the dividend or distribution to all or substantially all holders of
our common stock of all-cash distributions in an aggregate amount that
together with (A) any cash and the fair market value of any other
consideration payable in respect of any tender offer by us or any of
our subsidiaries for our common stock consummated within the preceding
12 months not triggering a conversion price adjustment and (B) all
other all-cash distributions to all or substantially all holders of
our common stock made within the preceding 12 months not triggering a
conversion price adjustment, exceeds an amount equal to 10% of our
market capitalization on the business day immediately preceding the
day on which we declare such distribution; and
(6) the purchase of our common stock pursuant to a tender offer (within
the meaning of the U.S. federal securities laws) made by us or any of
our subsidiaries to the extent that the same involves aggregate
consideration that together with (A) any cash and the fair market
value of any other consideration payable in respect of any tender
offer by us or any of our subsidiaries for our common stock
consummated within the preceding 12 months not triggering a conversion
price adjustment and (B) all-cash distributions to all or
substantially all holders of our common stock made within the
preceding 12 months not triggering a conversion price adjustment,
exceeds an amount equal to 10% of our market capitalization on the
expiration date of such tender offer.
21
In the event of:
o any reclassification of our common stock; or
o a consolidation, merger or combination involving EMCORE; or
o a sale or conveyance to another person of the property and assets of
EMCORE as an entirety or substantially as an entirety,
in which holders of our outstanding common stock would be entitled to receive
stock, other securities, other property, assets or cash for their common stock,
holders of notes will generally be entitled to convert their notes into the same
type of consideration received by common stockholders immediately prior to one
of these types of events.
We are permitted to reduce the conversion price of the notes by any amount
for a period of at least 20 days if our board of directors determines that such
reduction would be in the best interest of EMCORE. We are required to give at
least 15 days prior notice of any reduction in the conversion price. We may also
reduce the conversion price to avoid or diminish income tax to holders of our
common stock in connection with a dividend or distribution of stock or similar
event.
You may, in some circumstances, be deemed to have received a distribution
or dividend subject to United States federal income tax as a result of an
adjustment or the non-occurrence of an adjustment to the conversion price.
No adjustment in the conversion price will be required unless it would
result in a change in the conversion price of at least one percent. Any
adjustment not made will be taken into account in subsequent adjustments. Except
as stated above, we will not adjust the conversion price for the issuance of our
common stock or any securities convertible into or exchangeable for our common
stock or the right to purchase our common stock or such convertible or
exchangeable securities.
SUBORDINATION OF NOTES
The payment of the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on the notes
is subordinated to the extent provided in the indenture to the prior payment in
full, in cash or other payment satisfactory to the holders of senior
indebtedness, of all senior indebtedness.
Upon any distribution of our assets upon any dissolution, winding-up,
liquidation or reorganization, or in bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership or
similar proceedings, payment of the principal of, premium, if any, and interest
(including any additional interest) on the notes is to be subordinated in right
of payment to the prior payment in full, in cash or other payment satisfactory
to the holders of senior indebtedness, of all senior indebtedness.
In the event of any acceleration of the notes because of an event of
default, the holders of any senior indebtedness then outstanding would be
entitled to payment in full, in cash or other payment satisfactory to the
holders of senior indebtedness, of all obligations with respect to such senior
indebtedness before the holders of notes are entitled to receive any payment or
other distribution. We are required to promptly notify holders of senior
indebtedness if payment of the notes is accelerated because of an event of
default.
We also may not make any payment on the notes if:
o a default in the payment of designated senior indebtedness occurs and
is continuing beyond any applicable period of grace; or
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o any other default occurs and is continuing with respect to designated
senior indebtedness that permits holders of the designated senior
indebtedness to accelerate its maturity and the trustee receives a
notice of such default, which we refer to as a payment blockage
notice, from any person permitted to give this notice under the
indenture.
We may resume making payments on the notes:
o in the case of a payment default, when the default is cured or waived
or ceases to exist; and
o in the case of a nonpayment default, the earlier of (1) when the
default is cured or waived or ceases to exist and (2) 179 days after
receipt of the payment blockage notice.
No new period of payment blockage may be commenced pursuant to a payment
blockage notice unless and until 365 days have elapsed since our receipt of the
prior payment blockage notice.
No default that existed on the date of delivery of any payment blockage
notice to the trustee shall be the basis for a subsequent payment blockage
notice.
By reason of the subordination provisions described above, in the event of
our bankruptcy, dissolution or reorganization, holders of senior indebtedness
may receive more, ratably, and holders of the notes may receive less, ratably,
than the other creditors of EMCORE. These subordination provisions will not
prevent the occurrence of any event of default under the indenture. The
indenture does not limit our ability to incur additional indebtedness, including
senior indebtedness. The incurrence of significant amounts of additional debt
could adversely affect our ability to service our debt, including the notes.
A portion of our operations are or in the future may be conducted through
subsidiaries. As a result, our cash flow and our ability to service our debt,
including the notes, would depend upon the earnings of our subsidiaries. In
addition, we would be dependent on the distribution of earnings, loans or other
payments by our subsidiaries to us.
Our subsidiaries are separate and distinct legal entities. Our subsidiaries
have no obligation to pay any amounts due on the notes or to provide us with
funds for our payment obligations, whether by dividends, distributions, loans or
other payments. In addition, any payment of dividends, distributions, loans or
advances by our subsidiaries to us could be subject to statutory or contractual
restrictions. Payments to us by our subsidiaries will also be contingent upon
our subsidiaries' earnings.
Our right to receive any assets of any of our subsidiaries upon their
liquidation or reorganization, and therefore the right of the holders of the
notes to participate in those assets, will be structurally subordinated to the
claims of that subsidiary's creditors, including trade creditors. In addition,
even if we were a creditor of any of our subsidiaries, our rights as a creditor
would be subordinate to any security interest in the assets of our subsidiaries
and any indebtedness of our subsidiaries senior to that held by us. As of August
29, 2001, we had approximately $100,000 of indebtedness outstanding that would
constitute senior indebtedness. The indenture does not limit our ability or the
ability of our subsidiaries to incur senior indebtedness or any other
indebtedness.
CERTAIN DEFINITIONS
"CREDIT FACILITY" means that certain Amended and Restated Revolving Loan
and Security Agreement dated as of March 1, 2001 with First Union National Bank,
including any related notes, guarantees, collateral documents, instruments and
agreements executed in connection therewith, and in each case as amended
(including any amendment and restatement thereof), modified, renewed, refunded,
replaced, refinanced or restructured (including, without limitation, any
amendment increasing the amount of available borrowing thereunder) from time to
time and whether with the same or any other agent, lender or group of lenders.
23
"DESIGNATED SENIOR INDEBTEDNESS" means the credit facility and any other
particular senior indebtedness that expressly provides that such senior
indebtedness is "designated senior indebtedness" for purposes of the indenture.
"INDEBTEDNESS" means:
(1) all of our indebtedness, obligations and other liabilities, contingent
or otherwise, for borrowed money, including:
o overdrafts, foreign exchange contracts, currency exchange agreements,
interest rate protection agreements, and any loans or advances from
banks, whether or not evidenced by notes or similar instruments; or
o evidenced by a credit or loan agreement, bonds, debentures, notes or
other written obligations, whether or not the recourse of the lender
is to all of our assets or to only a portion thereof, other than any
account payable or other accrued current liability or obligation
incurred in the ordinary course of business in connection with the
obtaining of materials or services;
(2) all of our reimbursement obligations and other liabilities, contingent
or otherwise, with respect to letters of credit, bank guarantees or
bankers' acceptances;
(3) all of our obligations and liabilities, contingent or otherwise, in
respect of leases required, in conformity with generally accepted
accounting principles, to be accounted for as capitalized lease
obligations on our balance sheet;
(4) all of our obligations evidenced by a note or similar instrument given
in connection with the acquisition of any businesses, properties or
assets of any kind;
(5) all of our obligations issued or assumed as the deferred purchase
price of property or services, but excluding trade accounts payable
and accrued liabilities arising in the ordinary course of business;
(6) all of our obligations and other liabilities, contingent or otherwise,
under any lease or related document, including a purchase agreement,
in connection with the lease of real property or improvements (or any
personal property included as part of any such lease) which provides
that we are contractually obligated to purchase or cause a third party
to purchase the leased property and thereby guarantee a residual value
of leased property to the lessor and all of our obligations under such
lease or related document to purchase or to cause a third party to
purchase the leased property (whether or not such lease transaction is
characterized as an operating lease or a capitalized lease in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles);
(7) all of our obligations, contingent or otherwise, with respect to an
interest rate currency or other swap, cap, floor or collar agreement,
hedge agreement, forward contract, or other similar instrument or
agreement or foreign currency hedge, exchange, purchase or similar
instrument or agreement;
(8) all of our direct or indirect guarantees or similar agreements to
purchase or otherwise acquire or otherwise assure a creditor against
loss in respect of indebtedness, obligations or liabilities of another
person of the kind described in clauses (1) through (7); and
(9) any and all deferrals, renewals, extensions and refundings of, or
amendments, modifications, supplements to, any indebtedness,
obligation or liability of the kind described in clauses (1) through
(8).
"SENIOR INDEBTEDNESS" means the principal of, premium, if any, interest
including all interest accruing subsequent to the commencement of any bankruptcy
or similar proceeding, whether or not a claim for post-petition interest is
allowable as a claim in any such proceeding, and rent payable on or in
connection with, and all fees, costs, expenses and other amounts accrued or due
on or in connection with, indebtedness of EMCORE whether secured or
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unsecured, absolute or contingent, due or to become due, outstanding on the date
of the indenture or thereafter created, incurred, assumed, guaranteed or in
effect guaranteed by EMCORE, including all deferrals, renewals, extensions or
refundings of, or amendments, modifications or supplements to, the foregoing,
unless in the case of any particular indebtedness the instrument creating or
evidencing the same or the assumption or guarantee thereof expressly provides
that such indebtedness shall not be senior in right of payment to the notes or
expressly provides that such indebtedness is on the same basis or junior to the
notes.
Senior indebtedness does not include any indebtedness of EMCORE to any
subsidiary of EMCORE or any obligation for federal, state, local or other taxes.
PROVISIONAL REDEMPTION
We may redeem any portion of the notes at any time prior to May 20, 2004
upon at least 20 and not more than 60 days' notice by mail to the holders of the
notes, at a redemption price equal to $1,000 per note plus accrued and unpaid
interest to the redemption date if (1) the closing price of our common stock has
exceeded 150% of the conversion price for at least 20 trading days in any
consecutive 30-day trading period ending on the trading day prior to the mailing
of the notice of redemption and (2) this shelf registration statement covering
resales of the notes and the common stock is effective and expected to remain
effective and available for use for the 30 days following the redemption date,
unless registration is no longer required.
If we redeem the notes under these circumstances, we will make an
additional "make whole" payment on the redeemed notes equal to $150.00 per
$1,000 note, minus the amount of any interest actually paid on the note prior to
the redemption date. We must make these "make whole" payments on all notes
called for redemption, including notes converted after the date we mailed the
notice. The "make whole" payment for notes converted shall not be reduced by
accrued and unpaid interest. We may make these "make whole" payments, at our
option, either in cash or in our common stock or a combination of cash and
stock, if a shelf registration covering resales of such common stock is
effective and expected to remain effective and available for use for the 30 days
following the redemption date. We will specify the type of consideration for the
"make whole" payment in the redemption notice. Payments made in our common stock
will be valued at 97% of the average of the closing sales prices of our common
stock for the five trading days ending on the day prior to the redemption date.
OPTIONAL REDEMPTION BY EMCORE
Except as set forth under "Provisional Redemption," the notes may not be
redeemed at the option of the Company prior to May 20, 2004. Thereafter the
notes may be redeemed at the option of the Company in whole, or in part, upon
not less than 20 nor more than 60 days' notice by mail to holders of the notes.
The redemption prices (expressed as a percentage of principal amount) are
as follows for notes redeemed during the periods set forth below:
Redemption
Period Price
------ ----------
Beginning on May 20, 2004 through May 14, 2005................ 101.25%
Beginning on May 15, 2005 and thereafter...................... 100.00%
in each case together with accrued interest up to, but not including, the
redemption date; provided that if the redemption date falls after an interest
payment record date and on or before an interest payment date, then the interest
payment shall be payable to holders of record on the relevant record date.
If fewer than all of the notes are to be redeemed, the trustee will select
the notes to be redeemed by lot, or in its discretion, on a pro rata basis. If
any note is to be redeemed in part only, a new note in principal amount equal to
the unredeemed principal portion will be issued. If a portion of your notes is
selected for partial redemption and
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you convert a portion of your notes, the converted portion will be deemed to be
of the portion selected for redemption.
No sinking fund is provided for the notes.
PURCHASE OF NOTES AT YOUR OPTION UPON A CHANGE IN CONTROL
If a change in control occurs, you will have the right to require us to
purchase all or any part of your notes 30 business days after the occurrence of
a change in control at a purchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of
the notes plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the purchase date.
Notes submitted for purchase must be in a principal amount of $1,000 or
multiples of $1,000.
We will mail to the trustee and to each holder of a note a written notice
of the change in control within 10 business days after the occurrence of a
change in control. This notice will state:
o the terms and conditions of the change in control;
o the procedures required for exercise of the change in control purchase
feature; and
o the holder's right to require EMCORE to purchase the notes.
You must deliver written notice of your exercise of this purchase right to
the paying agent at any time prior to the close of business on the business day
prior to the change in control purchase date. The written notice must specify
the notes for which the purchase right is being exercised. If you wish to
withdraw this election, you must provide a written notice of withdrawal to the
paying agent at any time prior to the close of business on the business day
prior to the change in control purchase date.
A change in control will be deemed to have occurred if any of the following
occurs:
o any "person" or "group" is or becomes the "beneficial owner," directly
or indirectly (other than as a direct result of repurchases of stock
by EMCORE or its subsidiaries), of shares of voting stock of EMCORE
representing 50% or more of the total voting power of all outstanding
classes of voting stock of EMCORE or such person or group (other than
the management group) has the power, directly or indirectly, to elect
a majority of the members of the board of directors of EMCORE;
provided, that voting stock acquired in an exempt transaction shall
not constitute an acquisition that would cause a change in control;
o EMCORE consolidates with, or merges with or into, another person or
EMCORE sells, assigns, conveys, transfers, leases or otherwise
disposes of all or substantially all of the assets of EMCORE, or any
person consolidates with, or merges with or into, EMCORE, in any such
event other than pursuant to a transaction in which (a) the persons
that "beneficially owned," directly or indirectly, the shares of
voting stock of EMCORE immediately prior to such transaction
"beneficially own," directly or indirectly, shares of voting stock of
EMCORE, representing at least a majority of the total voting power of
all outstanding classes of voting stock of the surviving or transferee
person, or (b) an exempt transaction occurs; or
o EMCORE is dissolved or liquidated.
However, a change in control will not be deemed to have occurred if either:
o the last sale price of our common stock for any five trading days
during the ten trading days immediately preceding the change in
control is at least equal to 105% of the conversion price in effect on
such day; or
o in the case of a merger or consolidation, all of the consideration
excluding cash payments for fractional shares in the merger or
consolidation constituting the change in control consists of common
stock traded
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on a United States national securities exchange or quoted on The
Nasdaq National Market (or which will be so traded or quoted when
issued or exchanged in connection with such change in control) and as
a result of such transaction or transactions the notes become
convertible solely into such common stock.
For purposes of this change in control definition:
o "person" or "group" have the meanings given to them for purposes of
Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Exchange Act or any successor
provisions, and the term "group" includes any group acting for the
purpose of acquiring, holding or disposing of securities within the
meaning of Rule 13d-5(b)(1) under the Exchange Act, or any successor
provision;
o a "beneficial owner" will be determined in accordance with Rule 13d-3
under the Exchange Act, as in effect on the date of the indenture,
except that the number of shares of voting stock of EMCORE will be
deemed to include, in addition to all outstanding shares of voting
stock of EMCORE and unissued shares deemed to be held by the "person"
or "group" or other person with respect to which the change in control
determination is being made, all unissued shares deemed to be held by
all other persons;
o "beneficially owned" has a meaning correlative to that of beneficial
owner;
o "exempt transaction" means any purchase from EMCORE of equity
interests in EMCORE by any of Thomas Russell, The AER 1997 Trust,
Robert Louis-Dreyfus, Gallium Enterprises, Inc. and Reuben Richards
(the "management group"); provided that the management group does not
collectively beneficially own more than 65% of the total voting power
of all outstanding classes of voting stock of EMCORE following such
purchase.
o "unissued shares" means shares of voting stock not outstanding that
are subject to options, warrants, rights to purchase or conversion
privileges exercisable within 60 days of the date of determination of
a change in control; and
o "voting stock" means any class or classes of capital stock pursuant to
which the holders of capital stock under ordinary circumstances have
the power to vote in the election of the board of directors, managers
or trustees of any person or other persons performing similar
functions irrespective of whether or not, at the time capital stock of
any other class or classes shall have, or might have, voting power by
reason of the happening of any contingency.
The term "all or substantially all" as used in the definition of change in
control will likely be interpreted under applicable state law and will be
dependent upon particular facts and circumstances. There may be a degree of
uncertainty in interpreting this phrase. As a result, we cannot assure you how a
court would interpret this phrase under applicable law if you elect to exercise
your rights following the occurrence of a transaction which you believe
constitutes a transfer of "all or substantially all" of our assets.
We will:
o comply with the provisions of Rule 13e-4 and Rule 14e-1, if
applicable, under the Exchange Act;
o file a Schedule to or any successor or similar schedule if required
under the Exchange Act; and
o otherwise comply with all federal and state securities laws in
connection with any offer by us to purchase the notes upon a change in
control.
This change in control purchase feature may make more difficult or
discourage a takeover of EMCORE and the removal of incumbent management.
However, we are not aware of any specific effort to accumulate shares of our
common stock or to obtain control of us by means of a merger, tender offer,
solicitation or otherwise. In addition,
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the change in control purchase feature is not part of a plan by management to
adopt a series of anti-takeover provisions. Instead, the change in control
purchase feature is a result of negotiations between us and the initial
purchasers.
We could, in the future, enter into certain transactions, including
recapitalizations, that would not constitute a change in control but would
increase the amount of indebtedness, including senior indebtedness, outstanding
or otherwise adversely affect a holder. Neither we nor our subsidiaries are
prohibited from incurring indebtedness, including senior indebtedness, under the
indenture. The incurrence of significant amounts of additional indebtedness
could adversely affect our ability to service our debt, including the notes.
We may not repurchase any note at any time when the subordination
provisions of the indenture otherwise would prohibit us from making such
repurchase. If we fail to repurchase the notes when required, this failure will
constitute an event of default under the indenture whether or not repurchase is
permitted by the subordination provisions of the indenture.
If a change in control were to occur, we may not have sufficient funds to
pay the change in control purchase price for the notes tendered by holders. In
addition, we may in the future incur indebtedness that has similar change of
control provisions that permit holders of that debt to accelerate or require us
to repurchase that indebtedness upon the occurrence of events similar to a
change in control. Our failure to repurchase the notes upon a change in control
will result in an event of default under the indenture, whether or not the
purchase is permitted by the subordination provisions of the indenture.
EVENTS OF DEFAULT
Each of the following constitutes an event of default under the indenture:
(1) we fail to pay principal or premium, if any, on any note when due,
whether or not prohibited by the subordination provisions of the
indenture;
(2) we fail to pay any interest on any note when due if such failure
continues for 30 days, whether or not prohibited by the subordination
provisions of the indenture;
(3) we fail to perform any other covenant required of us in the indenture
if such failure continues for 60 days after notice is given in
accordance with the indenture;
(4) we fail to pay the purchase price of any note when due, whether or not
prohibited by the subordination provisions of the indenture;
(5) we fail to provide timely notice of a change in control; or
(6) certain events in bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization of EMCORE.
If an event of default, other than an event of default described in clause
(6) above, occurs and is continuing, either the trustee or the holders of at
least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding notes may declare the
principal amount of the notes to be due and payable immediately. If an event of
default described in clause (6) above occurs, the principal amount of the notes
will automatically become immediately due and payable. Any payment by us on the
notes following any such acceleration will be subject to the subordination
provisions described above.
After any such acceleration, but before a judgment or decree based on
acceleration, the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the
notes may, under certain circumstances, rescind and annul such acceleration.
Subject to the trustee's duties in the case of an event of default, the
trustee is not obligated to exercise any of its rights or powers at the request
of the holders, unless the holders have offered to the trustee reasonable
indemnity.
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Subject to the trustee's indemnification, the holders of a majority in aggregate
principal amount of the outstanding notes have the right to direct the time,
method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the
trustee or exercising any trust or power conferred on the trustee with respect
to the notes.
No holder has any right to institute any proceeding under the indenture, or
for the appointment of a receiver or a trustee, or for any other remedy under
the indenture unless:
o the holder has previously given to the trustee written notice of a
continuing event of default;
o the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the
outstanding notes have made a written request and have offered
reasonable indemnity to the trustee to institute such proceeding as
trustee;
o the trustee has not complied with the request within 60 days after
receipt of the request and the offer of security or indemnity; and
o the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding notes
have not given the trustee a direction inconsistent with the request
within the 60-day period.
However, these limitations do not apply to a suit instituted by a holder for the
enforcement of payment of the principal of or any premium or interest on any
note on or after the applicable due date or the right to convert the note.
Generally, the holders of not less than a majority of the aggregate
principal amount of outstanding notes may waive any default or event of default
unless:
o we fail to pay principal, premium or interest on any note when due;
o we fail to convert any note into common stock; or
o we fail to comply with any of the provisions of the indenture that
would require the consent of the holder of each outstanding note
affected.
We are required to furnish to the trustee, on an annual basis, a statement
by our officers as to whether or not EMCORE, to the officer's knowledge, is in
default in the performance or observance of any of the terms, provisions and
conditions of the indenture, specifying any known defaults.
MODIFICATION AND WAIVER
We and the trustee may make certain modifications and amendments to the
indenture or the notes without notice to or the consent of any holder, including
modifications or amendments to comply with the merger provisions described in
the indenture, to provide for uncertificated notes in addition to or in place of
certificated notes, to comply with the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act, to
appoint a successor trustee, to cure any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency, or
to make any other change that does not adversely affect the rights of the
holders.
We and the trustee may make modifications and amendments to the indenture
or the notes with the consent of the holders of a majority in aggregate
principal amount of the outstanding notes.
However, neither we nor the trustee may make any modification or amendment
without the consent of the holder of each outstanding note if such modification
or amendment would:
o change the stated maturity of the principal of or interest on any
note;
o reduce the principal amount of, or any premium or interest on, any
note;
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o reduce the amount of principal payable upon acceleration of the
maturity of any note;
o change the place or currency of payment of principal of, or any
premium or interest on, any note;
o impair the right to institute suit for the enforcement of any payment
on, or with respect to, any note;
o modify the subordination provisions in a manner materially adverse to
the holders of notes;
o adversely affect the right of holders to convert notes other than as
provided in or under the indenture;
o reduce the percentage in principal amount of outstanding notes
required for modification or amendment of the indenture;
o reduce the percentage in principal amount of outstanding notes
necessary for waiver of compliance with certain provisions of the
indenture or for waiver of certain defaults; or
o modify the foregoing requirements.
CONSOLIDATION, MERGER AND SALE OF ASSETS
We may not consolidate with or merge into any other person, in a
transaction in which we are not the surviving corporation, or convey, transfer
or lease our properties and assets substantially as an entirety to any successor
person, unless:
o the successor person, if any, is a corporation or limited liability
company organized and existing under the laws of the United States, or
any state of the United States, and assumes our obligations on the
notes and under the indenture;
o immediately after giving effect to the transaction, no default or
event of default shall have occurred and be continuing; and
o other conditions specified in the indenture are met.
REGISTRATION RIGHTS
The following summary of the registration rights provided in the
registration rights agreement and the notes is not complete. You should refer to
the registration rights agreement for a full description of the registration
rights that apply to the notes.
We have agreed to file a shelf registration statement under the Securities
Act within 90 days after the first date of original issuance of the notes to
register resales of the notes and the shares of common stock into which the
notes are convertible, referred to as registrable securities. We have agreed to
use commercially reasonable efforts to have this shelf registration statement
declared effective within 180 days after the first date of original issuance of
the notes, and to keep it effective until the earliest of:
(1) two years after the closing date;
(2) the date when all registrable securities shall have been registered
under the Securities Act and disposed of; and
(3) the date on which all registrable securities (other than those held by
affiliates of EMCORE) are eligible to be sold to the public pursuant
to Rule 144(k) under the Securities Act.
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We will be permitted to suspend the use of the prospectus which is a part
of the registration statement for a period not to exceed 90 consecutive days or
an aggregate of 120 days in any twelve-month period under certain circumstances
relating to pending corporate developments, public filings with the Securities
and Exchange Commission and similar events.
A holder of registrable securities that sells registrable securities
pursuant to the shelf registration statement generally will be required to
provide information about itself and the specifics of the sale, be named as a
selling security holder in the related prospectus and deliver a prospectus to
purchasers, be subject to relevant civil liability provisions under the
Securities Act in connection with such sales and be bound by the provisions of
the registration rights agreements which are applicable to such holder.
If:
(1) on or prior to the 90th day after the first date of original issuance
of the notes the shelf registration statement has not been filed with
the SEC;
(2) on or prior to the 180th day after the first date of original issuance
of the notes the shelf registration statement has not been declared
effective by the SEC;
(3) we fail with respect to a note holder that supplies the questionnaire
described below to supplement the shelf registration statement in a
timely manner in order to name additional selling securities holders;
or
(4) after the shelf registration statement has been declared effective
such shelf registration statement ceases to be effective or fails to
be usable in connection with resales of notes and the common stock
issuable upon the conversion of the notes in accordance with and
during the periods specified in the registration rights agreement and
(A) we do not cure the shelf registration statement within five
business days by a post-effective amendment or a report filed pursuant
to the Exchange Act or (B) if applicable, we do not terminate the
suspension period described above by the 90th day, as the case may be;
(each such event referred to in clauses (1) through (4), a registration
default), additional interest will accrue daily on registrable securities over
and above the rate set forth in the title of the notes, from and including the
date on which any such registration default shall occur to but excluding the
date on which all registration defaults have been cured, at the annual rate of
0.5% for the notes or, if applicable, on an equivalent basis per share (subject
to adjustment in the case of stock splits, stock recombinations, stock dividends
and the like) of common stock constituting registrable securities. We will have
no other liabilities for monetary damages with respect to our registration
obligations. With respect to each holder our obligations to pay additional
interest remain in effect only so long as the notes and the common stock
issuable upon the conversion of the notes held by the holder are "registrable
securities" within the meaning of the registration rights agreement.
We will pay all expenses of the shelf registration statement, provide each
holder that is selling registrable securities pursuant to the shelf registration
statement copies of the related prospectus and take other actions as are
required to permit, subject to the foregoing, registered resales of the
registrable securities.
SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE
We may discharge our obligations under the indenture while notes remain
outstanding if (1) all outstanding notes will become due and payable at their
scheduled maturity within 90 days or (2) all outstanding notes have been called
for redemption within 90 days and in either case we have deposited with the
trustee an amount sufficient to pay and discharge all outstanding notes on the
date of their scheduled maturity or the scheduled date of redemption.
TRANSFER AND EXCHANGE
We have initially appointed the trustee as security registrar, paying agent
and conversion agent acting through its corporate trust office. We reserve the
right to:
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o vary or terminate the appointment of the security registrar, paying
agent or conversion agent;
o appoint additional paying agents or conversion agents; or
o approve any change in the office through which any security registrar
or any paying agent or conversion agent acts.
PURCHASE AND CANCELLATION
All notes surrendered for payment, redemption, registration of transfer or
exchange or conversion shall, if surrendered to any person other than the
trustee, be delivered to the trustee. All notes delivered to the trustee shall
be cancelled promptly by the trustee. No notes shall be authenticated in
exchange for any notes cancelled as provided in the indenture.
We may, to the extent permitted by law, purchase notes in the open market
or by tender offer at any price or by private agreement. Any notes purchased by
us may, to the extent permitted by law, be reissued or resold or may, at our
option, be surrendered to the trustee for cancellation. Any notes surrendered
for cancellation may not be reissued or resold and will be promptly cancelled.
REPLACEMENT OF NOTES
We will replace mutilated, destroyed, stolen or lost notes at your expense
upon delivery to the trustee of the mutilated notes, or evidence of the loss,
theft or destruction of the notes satisfactory to us and the trustee. In the
case of a lost, stolen or destroyed note, indemnity satisfactory to the trustee
and us may be required at the expense of the holder of such note before a
replacement note will be issued.
GOVERNING LAW
The indenture and the notes are governed by and construed in accordance
with the laws of the State of New York, without regard to conflicts of laws
principles.
THE TRUSTEE
Wilmington Trust Company serves as the trustee under the indenture. The
trustee will be permitted to deal with us and any of our affiliates with the
same rights as if it were not trustee. However, under the Trust Indenture Act,
if the trustee acquires any conflicting interest and there exists a default with
respect to the notes, the trustee must eliminate such conflicts or resign.
The holders of a majority in principal amount of all outstanding notes will
have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding
for exercising any remedy or power available to the trustee. However, any such
direction may not conflict with any law or the indenture, may not be unduly
prejudicial to the rights of another holder or the trustee and may not involve
the trustee in personal liability.
BOOK-ENTRY, DELIVERY AND FORM
We initially issued the notes in the form of one or more global securities.
The global security was deposited with the trustee as custodian for DTC and
registered in the name of a nominee of DTC. Except as set forth below, the
global security may be transferred, in whole and not in part, only to DTC or
another nominee of DTC. You may hold your beneficial interests in the global
security directly through DTC if you have an account with DTC or indirectly
through organizations which have accounts with DTC. Notes in definitive
certificated form (called "certificated securities") will be issued only in
certain limited circumstances described below.
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DTC has advised us that it is:
o a limited purpose trust company organized under the laws of the State
of New York;
o a member of the Federal Reserve System;
o a "clearing corporation" within the meaning of the New York Uniform
Commercial Code; and
o a "clearing agency" registered pursuant to the provisions of Section
17A of the Exchange Act.
DTC was created to hold securities of institutions that have accounts with
DTC (called "participants") and to facilitate the clearance and settlement of
securities transactions among its participants in such securities through
electronic book-entry changes in accounts of the participants, thereby
eliminating the need for physical movement of securities certificates. DTC's
participants include securities brokers and dealers, which may include the
initial purchasers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and certain
other organizations. Access to DTC's book-entry system is also available to
others such as banks, brokers, dealers and trust companies (called "indirect
participants") that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a
participant, whether directly or indirectly.
We expect that pursuant to procedures established by DTC, upon the deposit
of the global security with DTC, DTC will credit on its book-entry registration
and transfer system the principal amount of notes represented by such global
security to the accounts of participants. The accounts to be credited shall be
designated by the initial purchasers. Ownership of beneficial interests in the
global security will be limited to participants or persons that may hold
interests through participants. Ownership of beneficial interests in the global
security will be shown on, and the transfer of those ownership interests will be
effected only through, records maintained by DTC (with respect to participants'
interests), the participants and the indirect participants. The laws of some
jurisdictions may require that certain purchasers of securities take physical
delivery of such securities in definitive form. These limits and laws may impair
the ability to transfer or pledge beneficial interests in the global security.
Beneficial owners of interests in global securities who desire to convert
their interests into common stock should contact their brokers or other
participants or indirect participants through whom they hold such beneficial
interests to obtain information on procedures, including proper forms and
cut-off times, for submitting requests for conversion.
So long as DTC, or its nominee, is the registered owner or holder of a
global security, DTC or its nominee, as the case may be, will be considered the
sole owner or holder of the notes represented by the global security for all
purposes under the indenture and the notes. In addition, no beneficial owner of
an interest in a global security will be able to transfer that interest except
in accordance with the applicable procedures of DTC. Except as set forth below,
as an owner of a beneficial interest in the global security you will not be
entitled to have the notes represented by the global security registered in your
name, will not receive or be entitled to receive physical delivery of
certificated securities and will not be considered to be the owner or holder of
any notes under the global security. We understand that under existing industry
practice if an owner of a beneficial interest in the global security desires to
take any action that DTC, as the holder of the global security, is entitled to
take, DTC would authorize the participants to take such action and the
participants would authorize beneficial owners owning through such participants
to take such action or would otherwise act upon the instructions of beneficial
owners owning through them.
We will make payments of principal of, premium, if any, and interest
(including any additional interest) on the notes represented by the global
security registered in the name of and held by DTC or its nominee to DTC or its
nominee, as the case may be, as the registered owner and holder of the global
security. Neither we, the trustee nor any paying agent will have any
responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or
payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in the global
security or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to
such beneficial ownership interests.
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We expect that DTC or its nominee, upon receipt of any payment of principal
of, premium, if any, or interest (including any additional interest) on the
global security, will credit participants' accounts with payments in amounts
proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in the principal amount
of the global security as shown on the records of DTC or its nominee. We also
expect that payments by participants or indirect participants to owners of
beneficial interests in the global security held through such participants or
indirect participants will be governed by standing instructions and customary
practices and will be the responsibility of such participants or indirect
participants. We will not have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of
the records relating to, or payments made on account of, beneficial ownership
interests in the global security for any note or for maintaining, supervising or
reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests or for any
other aspect of the relationship between DTC and its participants or indirect
participants or the relationship between such participants or indirect
participants and the owners of beneficial interests in the global security
owning through such participants.
Transfers between participants in DTC will be effected in the ordinary way
in accordance with DTC rules and will be settled in same-day funds.
DTC has advised us that it will take any action permitted to be taken by a
holder of notes only at the direction of one or more participants to whose
account the DTC interests in the global security is credited and only in respect
of such portion of the aggregate principal amount of notes as to which such
participant or participants has or have given such direction. However, if DTC
notifies us that they are unwilling to be a depository for the global security
or ceases to be a clearing agency or there is an event of default under the
notes, DTC will exchange the global security for certificated securities which
it will distribute to its participants and which will be legended, if required.
Although DTC is expected to follow the foregoing procedures in order to
facilitate transfers of interests in the global security among participants of
DTC, they are under no obligation to perform or continue to perform such
procedures, and such procedures may be discontinued at any time. Neither we nor
the trustee will have any responsibility or liability for the performance by DTC
or the participants or indirect participants of their respective obligations
under the rules and procedures governing their respective operations.
34
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK
Our authorized capital stock consists of 100,000,000 shares of common
stock, no par value per share, and 5,882,352 shares of preferred stock, par
value $.0001 per share.
As of August 24, 2001, there were 35,408,474 shares of common stock
outstanding, held of record by approximately 6,400 shareholders. The holders of
common stock are entitled to one vote per share on all matters to be voted upon
by the shareholders. Subject to preferences that may be applicable to any
outstanding preferred stock, the holders of common stock are entitled to receive
ratably dividends, if any, as may be declared from time to time by our board of
directors out of funds legally available. In the event of our liquidation,
dissolution or winding up, the holders of common stock are entitled to share
ratably in assets remaining after payment of liabilities, subject to prior
distribution rights of preferred stock, if any, then outstanding. The common
stock has no preemptive or conversion rights or other subscription rights. There
are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to the common stock. All
outstanding shares of common stock are fully paid and non-assessable, and the
shares of common stock to be issued upon completion of any offering will be
fully paid and non-assessable.
CERTAIN U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS
This section summarizes some of the U.S. federal income tax considerations
relating to the purchase, ownership, and disposition of the notes and of the
common stock into which the notes may be converted. This summary does not
provide a complete analysis of all potential tax considerations. The information
provided below is based on existing authorities. These authorities may change,
or the Internal Revenue Service (the "IRS") might interpret the existing
authorities differently. In either case, the tax consequences of purchasing,
owning or disposing of notes or common stock could differ from those described
below. The summary generally applies only to "U.S. Holders" that purchase notes
in the offering at their issue price and hold the notes or common stock as
"capital assets" (generally, for investment). For this purpose, U.S. Holders
include individual citizens or residents of the United States and corporations
(or entities treated as corporations for U.S. federal income tax purposes)
organized under the laws of the United States or any state or the District of
Columbia. Trusts are U.S. Holders if they are subject to the primary supervision
of a U.S. court and the control of one of more U.S. persons with respect to
substantial trust decisions. An estate is a U.S. holder if the income of the
estate is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of the source of
the income. Special rules apply to nonresident alien individuals and foreign
corporations, estates or trusts ("Non-U.S. Holders"). This summary describes
some, but not all, of these special rules. The tax treatment of a holder of
notes or common stock may vary depending on such holder's particular situation.
This summary does not address all of the tax consequences that may be relevant
to you in light of your particular circumstances, such as the application of the
alternative minimum tax or rules applicable to taxpayers in special
circumstances. Special rules may apply, for instance, to banks and financial
institutions, insurance companies, S-corporations, broker-dealers, tax-exempt
organizations, persons who hold notes or common stock as part of a hedge,
conversion or constructive sale transaction, straddle or other risk reduction
transaction, to persons that have a "functional currency" other than the U.S.
dollar, or to persons subject to taxation as expatriates. Furthermore, in
general, this discussion does not address the tax consequences applicable to
holders that are treated as partnerships or other pass-through entities for U.S.
federal income tax purposes. This summary is based on the U.S. federal income
tax law in effect as of the date hereof, which is subject to change, possibly on
a retroactive basis. Finally, the summary does not describe the effect of the
federal estate tax laws on U.S. Holders or the effects of any other federal or
any applicable foreign, state, or local laws.
PLEASE CONSULT YOUR OWN TAX ADVISOR REGARDING THE APPLICATION OF THE U.S.
FEDERAL INCOME TAX LAWS TO YOUR PARTICULAR SITUATION AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF
OTHER FEDERAL TAX LAWS, FOREIGN, STATE, OR LOCAL LAWS, AND TAX TREATIES.
35
U.S. HOLDERS
TAXATION OF INTEREST
You will be required to recognize as ordinary income any interest paid or
accrued on the notes, in accordance with your regular method of accounting for
U.S. federal income tax purposes. In general, if a holder of a debt instrument
may receive payments of other than fixed periodic interest that exceed the issue
price of the instrument, the holder may be required to recognize additional
interest as "original issue discount" over the term of the instrument. We
believe that the notes will not be issued with original issue discount. If the
price of our common stock exceeds 150% of the conversion price of the notes
during a prescribed period, and certain other conditions are met regarding the
registration of the notes and common stock, we will be able to call the notes
for redemption at a price that will include an additional amount in excess of
their principal amount. The original issue discount regulations allow contingent
payments such as this to be disregarded in computing a holder's interest income
if the contingency is either "incidental" or "remote." If we exercise our
provisional redemption right, it is likely that holders of the notes would
convert them into common stock. Therefore, we believe that the possibility that
we will pay the prescribed redemption premium is remote. Our determination that
this contingency is incidental or remote is binding on holders unless they
disclose their contrary position. Any such determination, however, would not be
binding upon a taxing authority. If we pay a redemption premium in connection
with our exercise of our provisional redemption right, the premium would most
likely be treated as capital gain.
Under the terms of the notes, if a noteholder converts a note to our common
stock after the record date but prior to the interest payment date, the
noteholder is obligated to pay us funds equal to the interest payable on the
converted principal amount. The tax consequences to the noteholder of the
receipt and repayment of interest are uncertain. We believe that neither the
receipt nor the repayment should be taken into account in computing the
noteholder's taxable income. A taxing authority, however, may require the
noteholder to recognize ordinary income in an amount equal to the interest
received. In that case, the noteholder should be allowed an offsetting deduction
for the repayment. The noteholder, however, may be required to capitalize
(rather than deduct) the repaid interest payment as an addition to tax basis in
the common stock received in the conversion.
SALE, EXCHANGE OR REDEMPTION OF THE NOTES
You will generally recognize capital gain or loss if you dispose of a note
in a sale, redemption or exchange other than a conversion of the note into
common stock. Your gain or loss will equal the difference between the proceeds
received by you and your adjusted tax basis in the note. The proceeds received
by you will include the amount of any cash and the fair market value of any
other property received for the note. Your tax basis in the note will generally
equal the amount you paid for the note. The portion of any proceeds that is
attributable to accrued interest will not be taken into account in computing
your capital gain or loss. Instead, that portion will be recognized as ordinary
interest income to the extent that you have not previously included the accrued
interest in income. The gain or loss recognized by you on a disposition of the
note will be long-term capital gain or loss if you held the note for more than
one year. Long-term capital gains of individual taxpayers are generally taxed at
a maximum rate of 20 percent, or 18 percent for assets acquired after the year
2000 and held for more than five years. The deductibility of capital losses is
subject to limitation.
CONVERSION OF THE NOTES
You generally will not recognize any income, gain or loss on converting a
note into common stock. If you receive cash in lieu of a fractional share of
stock, however, you would be treated as if you received the fractional share and
then had the fractional share redeemed for the cash. You would recognize gain or
loss equal to the difference between the cash received and that portion of your
basis in the stock attributable to the fractional share. Your aggregate basis in
the common stock will equal your adjusted basis in the note (less the basis
allocable to the fractional share). Your holding period for the stock will
include the period during which you held the note.
36
DIVIDENDS ON COMMON STOCK
If, after you convert a note into common stock, we make a distribution in
respect of that stock, the distribution will be treated as a dividend, taxable
to you as ordinary income, to the extent it is paid from our current or
accumulated earnings and profits. If the distribution exceeds our current and
accumulated profits, the excess will be treated first as a tax-free return of
your investment, up to your basis in the common stock. Any remaining excess will
be treated as capital gain. If you are a U.S. corporation, you may be able to
claim a deduction equal to a portion of any dividends received.
ADJUSTMENT OF CONVERSION RATE
The terms of the notes allow for changes in the conversion price of the
notes in certain circumstances. A change in conversion price that allows
noteholders to receive more shares of common stock on conversion may increase
the noteholders' proportionate interests in our earnings and profits or assets.
In that case, the noteholders would be treated as though they received a
dividend in the form of our stock. Such a constructive stock dividend could be
taxable to the noteholders, although they would not actually receive any cash or
other property. A taxable constructive stock dividend would result, for example,
if the conversion price is adjusted to compensate noteholders for distributions
of cash or property to our shareholders. Not all changes in conversion price
that allow noteholders to receive more stock on conversion, however, increase
the noteholders' proportionate interests in the company. For instance, a change
in conversion price could simply prevent the dilution of the noteholders'
interests upon a stock split or other change in capital structure. Changes of
this type, if made by a bona fide, reasonable adjustment formula, are not
treated as constructive stock dividends. Conversely, if an event occurs that
dilutes the noteholders' interests and the conversion price is not adjusted, the
resulting increase in the proportionate interests of our shareholders could be
treated as a taxable stock dividend to them. Any taxable constructive stock
dividends resulting from a change to, or failure to change, the conversion price
would be treated like dividends paid in cash or other property. They would
result in ordinary income to the recipient, to the extent of our current or
accumulated earnings and profits, with any excess treated as a tax-free return
of capital up to the recipient's tax basis and then as capital gain.
SALE OF COMMON STOCK
You will generally recognize capital gain or loss on a sale or exchange of
common stock. Your gain or loss will equal the difference between the proceeds
received by you and your adjusted tax basis in the stock. The proceeds received
by you will include the amount of any cash and the fair market value of any
other property received for the stock. The gain or loss recognized by you on a
sale or exchange of stock will be long-term capital gain or loss if you held the
stock for more than one year. In the case of individuals, long-term capital
gains are generally taxed at a maximum rate of 20 percent, or 18 percent for
assets acquired after the year 2000 and held for more than five years, while the
deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitation.
SPECIAL TAX RULES APPLICABLE TO NON-U.S. HOLDERS
The following rules apply to you if you are a Non-U.S. Holder.
TAXATION OF INTEREST
Payments of interest to nonresident persons or entities are generally
subject to U.S. federal withholding tax at a rate of 30 percent of the amount of
interest collected by means of withholding by the payor. Payments of interest on
the notes to most Non-U.S. Holders, however, will qualify as "portfolio
interest," and thus will be exempt from the withholding tax, if the holders
certify their nonresident status as described below. The portfolio interest
exception will not apply to payments of interest to you if
o you own, directly or indirectly, 10 percent or more of the total
combined voting power of all classes of our stock entitled to vote,
37
o you are a "controlled foreign corporation" that is related to us.
In general, a foreign corporation is a controlled foreign corporation if
more than 50 percent of its stock is owned, directly or indirectly, by one or
more U.S. persons that each owns, directly or indirectly, 10 percent or more of
the total combined voting power of all classes of stock entitled to vote. If you
are a bank investing in the notes as an extension of credit made pursuant to a
loan agreement entered into in the ordinary course of your trade or business,
please consult your own tax advisor regarding your investment in the notes. Even
if the portfolio interest exemption does not apply, U.S. federal withholding tax
may be reduced or eliminated under an applicable treaty assuming you properly
certify your entitlement of the benefit under the treaty.
The portfolio interest exception and several of the special rules for
Non-U.S. Holders described below apply only if you certify your nonresident
status. You can meet this certification requirement by providing a Form W-8BEN
or appropriate substitute form to us, or our paying agent. If you hold the note
through a financial institution or other agent acting on your behalf, you will
be required to provide appropriate documentation to the agent. Your agent will
then be required to provide certification to us or our paying agent, either
directly or through other intermediaries. For payments made to a foreign
partnership, the certification requirements will generally apply to the partners
rather than the partnership.
SALE, EXCHANGE OR REDEMPTION OF NOTES
You generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any gain
realized on the sale, exchange, or other disposition of notes. This general
rule, however, is subject to several exceptions. For example, the gain would be
subject to U.S. federal income tax if
o the gain is effectively connected with the conduct by you of a U.S.
trade or business,
o you are a former citizen or long-term resident of the United States
subject to special rules that apply to expatriates, or
o you are an individual present in the United States for 183 days or
more in the year of such sale, exchange or disposition and certain
other requirements are met.
CONVERSION OF THE NOTES
You generally will not recognize any income, gain or loss on converting a
note into common stock.
DIVIDENDS
Dividends paid to you on common stock received on conversion of a note will
generally be subject to U.S. withholding tax at a 30 percent rate. The
withholding tax might not apply, however, or might apply at a reduced rate,
under the terms of a tax treaty between the United States and your country of
residence. In order to claim the benefits of a tax treaty, you must demonstrate
your entitlement by certifying your nonresident status and eligibility for
treaty benefits. Some of the common means of meeting this requirement are
described above under "Special Tax Rules Applicable to Non-U.S. Holders --
Taxation of Interest."
SALE OF COMMON STOCK
You will generally not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any gain
realized on the sale, exchange, or other disposition of common stock. This
general rule, however, is subject to exceptions, some of which are described
above under "Special Tax Rules Applicable to Non-U.S. Holders -- Sale, Exchange
or Redemption of Notes."
38
INCOME OR GAINS EFFECTIVELY CONNECTED WITH A U.S. TRADE OR BUSINESS
The preceding discussion of the tax consequences of the purchase, ownership
or disposition of notes or common stock by a Non-U.S. Holder assumes that the
holder is not engaged in a U.S. trade or business. If any interest on the notes,
dividends on common stock, or gain from the sale, exchange or other disposition
of the notes or stock is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business
conducted by you, then the income or gain will be subject to U.S. federal income
tax at the regular graduated rates. If you are eligible for the benefits of a
tax treaty between the United States and your country of residence, any
"effectively connected" income or gain generally will be subject to U.S. federal
income tax only if it is also attributable to a permanent establishment
maintained by you in the United States. Payments of interest or dividends that
are effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business, and therefore included
in your gross income, will not be subject to the 30 percent withholding tax. To
claim this exemption from withholding, you must certify your qualification,
which can be done by filing a Form W-8ECI. If you are a foreign corporation,
your income effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business would generally
be subject to an additional "branch profits tax." The branch profits tax rate is
generally 30 percent, although an applicable tax treaty might provide for a
lower rate.
UNITED STATES REAL PROPERTY HOLDING CORPORATION STATUS
The Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act ("FIRPTA") rules may apply
to a sale, exchange or other disposition of notes or common stock if we are, or
were within five years before the transaction, a "United States real property
holding corporation"("USRPHC"). In general, we would be a USRPHC if interests in
U.S. real estate comprised most of our assets. We do not believe that we are a
USRPHC or that we will become one in the future. The FIRPTA rules would apply to
a disposition by you only if we otherwise were a USRPHC and (i) in the case of
common stock, you owned, directly or indirectly, more than five percent of our
common stock within five years before the disposition of the common stock and
(ii) in the case of the notes, you owned, directly or indirectly, notes which,
as of any date on which such notes were acquired by you, had a fair market value
greater than the fair market value on that date of five percent of our common
stock (or, possibly, of the regularly traded class of stock with the lowest fair
market value). If all of these conditions were met, and the FIRPTA rules applied
to the sale, exchange, or other disposition of notes or common stock by you,
then any gain recognized by you would be treated as effectively connected with a
U.S. trade or business, and would thus be subject to U.S. federal income tax.
U.S. FEDERAL ESTATE TAX
The estates of nonresident alien individuals are subject to U.S. federal
estate tax on property with a U.S. situs. The notes will not be U.S. situs
property as long as interest on the notes would have qualified as portfolio
interest (as described above under "Special Tax Rules Applicable to Non-U.S.
Holders -- Taxation of Interest") were it received by the decedent at the time
of death. Because we are a U.S. corporation, our common stock will be U.S. situs
property, and therefore will be included in the taxable estate of a nonresident
alien decedent. The U.S. federal estate tax liability of the estate of a
nonresident alien may be affected by a tax treaty between the United States and
the decedent's country of residence.
BACKUP WITHHOLDING AND INFORMATION REPORTING
The Internal Revenue Code and the Treasury regulations require those who
make specified payments to report the payments to the IRS. Among the specified
payments are interest, dividends, and proceeds paid by brokers to their
customers. The required information returns enable the IRS to determine whether
the recipient properly included the payments in income. This reporting regime is
reinforced by "backup withholding" rules. These rules require the payors to
withhold tax at the applicable backup withholding tax rate from payments subject
to information reporting if the recipient fails to cooperate with the reporting
regime, fails to provide a correct taxpayer identification number to the payor
or if the IRS or a broker informs the payor that withholding is required. The
information reporting and backup withholding rules do not apply to payments to
corporations, whether domestic or foreign. Under recently enacted legislation,
the current backup withholding rate of 31% will be reduced as of
39
August 7, 2001 to 30.5%. This rate will be further reduced to 30% for years 2002
and 2003, 29% for years 2004 and 2005, and 28% for 2006 and thereafter.
If you are an individual U.S. holder of notes or common stock, payments of
interest or dividends to you will generally be subject to information reporting,
and will be subject to backup withholding unless you provide us with a correct
taxpayer identification number and neither the IRS nor a broker informs us that
withholding is required.
The backup withholding rules do not apply to payments that are subject to
the 30 percent withholding tax on dividends or interest paid to nonresidents, or
to payments that are exempt from that tax by application of a tax treaty or
special exception. Therefore, payments of dividends on common stock, or interest
on notes, will generally not be subject to backup withholding. To avoid backup
withholding on dividends, you will have to certify your nonresident status. Some
of the common means of doing so are described under "Special Rules Applicable to
Non-U.S. Holders -- Taxation of Interest." Even if certification is provided,
information reporting may still apply to payments of dividends and interest.
If you are a U.S. Holder payments made to you by a broker upon a sale of
notes or common stock will generally be subject to information reporting and
possible backup withholding. If you are a Non-U.S. Holder payments made to you
by a broker upon a sale of notes or common stock will not be subject to
information reporting or backup withholding as long as you certify your foreign
status.
Any amounts withheld from a payment to a holder of notes or common stock
under the backup withholding rules can be credited against any U.S. federal
income tax liability of the holder.
THE PRECEDING DISCUSSION OF CERTAIN U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS
IS FOR GENERAL INFORMATION ONLY. IT IS NOT TAX ADVICE. YOU SHOULD CONSULT YOUR
OWN TAX ADVISOR REGARDING THE PARTICULAR U.S. FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL, AND FOREIGN
TAX CONSEQUENCES OF PURCHASING, HOLDING, AND DISPOSING OF OUR NOTES OR COMMON
STOCK, INCLUDING THE CONSEQUENCES OF ANY PROPOSED CHANGE IN APPLICABLE LAWS.
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
We will not receive any of the proceeds of the sale of the notes and the
underlying common stock offered by this prospectus. The notes and the underlying
common stock may be sold from time to time to purchasers:
o directly by the selling securityholders; or
o by the selling securityholders through underwriters, broker-dealers or
agents who may receive compensation in the form of discounts,
concessions or commissions from the selling securityholders or the
purchasers of the notes and the underlying common stock.
The selling securityholders and any such broker-dealers or agents who
participate in the distribution of the notes and the underlying common stock may
be deemed to be "underwriters." As a result, any profits on the sale of the
notes and underlying common stock by selling securityholders and any discounts,
commissions or concessions received by any such broker-dealers or agents might
be deemed to be underwriting discounts and commissions under the Securities Act.
If the selling securityholders were to be deemed underwriters, the selling
securityholders may be subject to certain statutory liabilities of, including,
but not limited to, Sections 11, 12 and 17 of the Securities Act and Rule 10b-5
under the Exchange Act.
If the notes and underlying common stock are sold through underwriters or
broker-dealers, the selling securityholders will be responsible for underwriting
discounts or commissions or agent's commissions.
40
The notes and underlying common stock may be sold in one or more
transactions at:
o fixed prices;
o prevailing market prices at the time of sale;
o varying prices determined at the time of sale; or
o negotiated prices.
These sales may be effected in transactions:
o on any national securities exchange or quotation service on which the
notes and underlying common stock may be listed or quoted at the time
of the sale, including the Nasdaq National Market in the case of the
common stock;
o in the over-the-counter market;
o in transactions otherwise than on such exchanges or services or in the
over-the-counter market; or
o through the writing of options.
These transactions may include block transactions or crosses. Crosses are
transactions in which the same broker acts as an agent on both sides of the
trade.
In connection with sales of the notes and underlying common stock or
otherwise, the selling securityholders may enter into hedging transactions with
broker-dealers. These broker-dealers may in turn engage in short sales of the
notes and underlying common stock in the course of hedging their positions. The
selling securityholders may also sell the notes and underlying common stock
short and deliver notes and underlying common stock to close out short
positions, or loan or pledge notes and underlying common stock to broker-dealers
that in turn may sell the notes and underlying common stock.
To our knowledge, there are currently no plans, arrangement or
understandings between any selling securityholders and any underwriter,
broker-dealer or agent regarding the sale of the notes and the underlying common
stock by the selling securityholders. In addition, we cannot assure you that any
such selling securityholder will not transfer, devise or gift the notes and the
underlying common stock by other means not described in this prospectus.
Our common stock trades on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol
"EMKR." We do not intend to apply for listing of the notes on any securities
exchange or for quotation through Nasdaq. Accordingly, no assurance can be given
as to the development of liquidity or any trading market for the notes. See
"Risk Factors -- A Public Market for the Notes May Not Be Maintained."
There can be no assurance that any selling securityholder will sell any or
all of the notes or underlying common stock pursuant to this prospectus. In
addition, any notes or underlying common stock covered by this prospectus that
qualify for sale pursuant to Rule 144 or Rule 144A of the Securities Act may be
sold under Rule 144 or Rule 144A rather than pursuant to this prospectus.
The selling securityholders and any other person participating in such
distribution will be subject to the Exchange Act. The Exchange Act rules
include, without limitation, Regulation M, which may limit the timing of
purchases and sales of any of the notes and the underlying common stock by the
selling securityholders and any other such person. In addition, Regulation M of
the Exchange Act may restrict the ability of any person engaged in the
distribution of the notes and the underlying common stock to engage in
market-making activities with respect to the particular notes and the underlying
common stock being distributed for a period of up to five business days prior to
the commencement of such distribution. This may affect the marketability of the
notes and the underlying
41
common stock and the ability of any person or entity to engage in market-making
activities with respect to the notes and the underlying common stock.
Pursuant to the registration rights agreement filed as an exhibit to this
registration statement, we and the selling securityholders will be indemnified
by the other against certain liabilities, including certain liabilities under
the Securities Act or will be entitled to contribution in connection with these
liabilities.
We have agreed to pay substantially all of the expenses incidental to the
registration, offering and sale of the notes and underlying common stock to the
public other than commissions, fees and discounts of underwriters, brokers,
dealers and agents.
42
SELLING SECURITYHOLDERS
We originally issued the notes in a private placement in May 2001. The
notes were resold by the initial purchasers to qualified institutional buyers
under Rule 144A under the Securities Act. Selling securityholders may offer and
sell the notes and the underlying common stock pursuant to this prospectus.
The following table contains information as of August 29, 2001, with
respect to the selling securityholders and the principal amount of notes and the
underlying common stock beneficially owned by each selling security holder that
may be offered using this prospectus.
43
- --------------------
* Less than 1%.
(1) Assumes conversion of all of the holder's notes at a conversion price of
$48.7629 per share of common stock. However, this conversion price will
be subject to adjustment as described under "Description of Notes --
Conversion of Notes." As a result, the amount of common stock issuable
upon conversion of the notes may increase or decrease in the future.
(2) Calculated based on Rule 13d-3(d)(i) of the Exchange Act using 35,408,474
shares of common stock outstanding as of August 24, 2001. In addition, we
treated as outstanding the number of shares of common stock issuable upon
conversion of all of that particular holder's notes. However, we did not
assume the conversion of any other holder's notes.
(3) Information about other selling security holders will be set forth in
prospectus supplements, if required.
(4) Assumes that any other holders of notes, or any future transferees,
pledgees, donees or successors of or from any such other holders of
notes, do not beneficially own any common stock other than the common
stock issuable upon conversion of the notes at the initial conversion
rate.
We prepared this table based on the information supplied to us by the
selling securityholders named in the table.
The selling securityholders listed in the above table may have sold or
transferred, in transactions exempt from the registration requirements of the
Securities Act, some or all of their notes since the date on which the
information in the above table is presented. Information about the selling
securityholders may change from over time. Any changed information may be set
forth in prospectus supplements.
Because the selling securityholders may offer all or some of their notes or
the underlying common stock from time to time, we cannot estimate the amount of
the notes or underlying common stock that will be held by the selling
securityholders upon the termination of any particular offering. See "Plan of
Distribution."
LEGAL MATTERS
The validity of the securities offered hereby will be passed upon for
EMCORE by White & Case LLP, who may rely upon Dillon, Bitar & Luther, New Jersey
counsel for EMCORE, as to matters of New Jersey law.
EXPERTS
The consolidated financial statements and the related financial statement
schedule of EMCORE Corporation incorporated in this prospectus by reference from
the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2000
have been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, independent auditors, as stated in
their report, which is incorporated herein by reference, and has been so
incorporated in reliance upon the report of such firm given upon their authority
as experts in accounting and auditing.
The financial statements of Uniroyal Optoelectronics, LLC for the years
ended October 1, 2000 and September 26, 1999 and for the period from February
28, 1998 (date of formation) to September 27, 1998, included in this prospectus,
have been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, independent auditors, as stated in
their report appearing herein, and are included in reliance upon the report of
such firm given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.
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